您好,欢迎来到二三娱乐。
搜索
您的当前位置:首页高考英语常用同近义词词汇辨析3

高考英语常用同近义词词汇辨析3

来源:二三娱乐
高考英语常用同近义词词汇辨析3

◆ fall offfall downfall ontofall into 

◇ fall off用作及物动词,表示……上落下,掉下,摔下。如: 

The house moved and a few pictures fell off the wallbut that was all 

房子动了动,几幅画从墙上掉了下来,就这些。 

He had fallen off a ladder and hurt his leg 他从梯子上摔下来,伤了腿。 

有时,它也可用作不及物动词,表示落下,掉下,脱落;也可表示减少,越来越少。如: 

I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off 我看着桌子上的杯子全掉下来。 

His supporters were falling off 支持他的人越来越少了。 

◇ fall down通常用作不及物动词,表示(人)跌倒,摔倒,绊倒(房屋等)   倒塌。如: 

The old lady fell down in the street and broke her leg.那老太太在街上跌倒了,摔坏了腿。 

◇ fall onto意为掉到……,其中onto为介词,也可用to。如: 

The books fell off the desk ontoto the ground 书从桌上掉到了地上。 

◇ fall into意为掉到……里陷入(困难)等,into是介词。如: 

fall into the river            掉进河里 

◆ fasten; tie

◇ fasten意为栓住、捆牢、扎紧,常用作及物动词(用于fasten ... to...结构时,可以与tie互换,但语气上fastentie);也可用作不及物动词,意为(把目光、思想、注意力)集中于……”

◇ tie意为系、栓、扎,常用作及物动词,后接其同源宾语tie, knot等;用作不及物动词时,意为打领带、打领结

◆ feed...onfeed...to

◇  feed...to ……喂给……”feed 后跟表示食物的词;

◇  feed...on …………”feed 后接表示人或动物的词。如:

     What did you feed to the baby just now   你刚才给婴儿喂的什么﹖ 

   I feed the dog on meat                          我用肉喂狗。

◆ festivalholidayvacation ◇ festival指盛大的节日,或定期在某地举行的主题节日;如音乐节等。◇ holiday源自“holy”,原意为神圣的日子,或指国家或民族规定的节日。后词意扩展,指一切不工作的日子。◇ vacation任何节假日或休息日,持续时间较长,主要用于美国。在英国,则着重指和大学的假期。 

AThe Spring ___ is the most important day in China 

BWill you spend your ___abroad this year 

CWhile I’m away on ___,Mr Smith will take over my job 

AnswersA. Festiva◆ B.holidays/vacation      C.vacation 

◆ finallyat lastin the end 本组词语均有终于之意,但有区别。 ◇ finally的用法有二:ü  用来表示某一动作发生的顺序是在最后。例如:Finallyturn off the lights and lock the door.最后关上灯锁好门。 ü  是用在句中动词前,表示等了好久终于……”。例如: We waited and waitedand finally they arrived.我们等了又等,(最后)他们终于来了。 ◇ at last是表示经过一番曲折或努力之后某事才发生,强调其结果,其语气和感情色彩较强。At last the project has been completed and we can rest.这项工程终于竣工了,我们可以休息了。 ◇ in the end用法有二:*表示经过若干周折或努力而最后发生了某事。例如: We did experiment after experimentand in the end we got a good harvest of rice in Africa.我们作了一个又一个实验,(最后)终于在非洲获得了水稻丰收。 *表示预测未来(而finallyat last无此用法)。例如: He hopes that his son will be a fine teacher in the end.他希望他儿子最终成为一名优秀教师。 

◆ findfoundfounded◇ find意为发现、找到,为动词原形。◇ found既是不规则动词find的过去式和过去分词,本身又是一个动词原形,意为建立、成立、创办。如:    He has already found his watch 他已经找到了手表。◇ founded为动词found的过去式和过去分词。如:    The school was founded ten years ago 这所学校是十年前创办的。 

◆ fit; be fit for; be fit to 

◇ fit可用作及物或不及物动词,意为适合合身,主要指大小适合。如: 

This cap fits me well.这顶帽子很适合我。 

The coat doesn’t fit me well 这件大衣不太合身。 

另外,fit还有安装试穿之意。如: 

You can fit this skirt on your daughter.你可以给你的女儿试一下这条裙子。 

I will fit my new house with a telephone.我要在新房间装电话。 

◇ be fit for意为适合;能胜任。其中,fit是形容词,意为适合的;能胜任的for后面接名词或-ing形式。如: 

The water in the well is fit for drinking.这口井里的水可以喝。 

The man is not fit for his office.那人不称职。 

Your shoes are not fit for traveling.你的鞋子不适合旅行。 

◇ be fit to意为适合;能胜任。在这个短语中,fit也是形容词,to为动词不定式符号,因此后面只能接动词原形。如: 

The food is not fit to eat  这食物不可以吃。 

The girl is easy to get angryso she is not fit to be a nurse 这女孩容易发脾气,因此她不适合当护士。 

◆ forbid ban prohibit都含禁止的意思。

◇ forbid系常用词, 命令某人不做某事”, :

The doctor forbids him to smoke.        医生禁止他吸烟。

◇ ban 语气较重, 指权威机关正式禁止”, 严厉谴责之意,只能用事物作其宾语, 

:Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器! 

◇ prohibit通过法律或法令禁止”, :

The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark.        天黑后士兵不准离开营房。

◆ suitfitsuitable

◇ fit用作及物动词,意为……相符、符合;合……;用作不及物动词,意为适合、合身。多指衣物等尺寸大小合身、合脚。

◇ suit意为适合。多指衣物等的颜色、款式、质地等适合,穿起来协调、好看;合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位等。如:

This coat doesn't suit you.这件外套不适合你。(比较:This coat doesn't fit you.这件外套不合你的身。) 

◇ fit直接可用作形容词,常构成be fit for意为适于;称职suit的形容词为suitablebe suitable for相当于be fit for。另外:suit常用作名词,意为一套/副(衣服等)a man's suit包括外套 jacket,背心waist coat和裤子trousersa woman's suit包括上衣coat和裙子skirt fit还可作安装解。 

◆ for examplesuch aslike ◇ such as用来举例说明,通常放在被列举的事物的前面以及需要说明的事物的后面。◇ for example常用来补充说明,表示在众多的例子中仅仅取一、二加以说明、解释。◇ like是介词,意为 

[EXERCISES] 

1Many books on English study,____ School English are popular among school students 

2Some studentsWang Lin,____ like country music very much 

3I’m going to be a pop star ____ Michael Jackson 

ANSWER:1such as   2for example   3like 

◆ for the first timethe first time ◇ for the first time 首次;第一次。表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事,在句中一般单独作状语。例如: The two girl students talked for the first time at the beginning of the term 两位女生开学初首次交谈。 ◇ the first time 首次;第一次。常引导时间状语从句,其重点不是讲第一次做什么,而是说明另一动作或情况;也可以作表语,强调到说话为止某一情况或动作的次数。例如: I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her 第一次见到她,我就知道我们会成为好朋友。 This is the first time I have been to the Great Wall 这是我第一次去长城。 

 

H

◆ habit, practice, custom, convention这组名词一般含义为习惯

◇ habit指个人的习惯,通常用于表示做事、思考问题或行为举止的不自觉的方式方法

That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen. 

这证明是我的失败,因为我不久就回到在电视屏幕前打瞌睡的坏习惯去了。

◇ practice 既可表示个人的也可表示社会的习惯,这种习惯从性质上看是一种反复不断的或是有选择性的行为或者方法

On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat——the normally accepted practice in many northern countries. 

在另一方面,一想到用动物油煎马铃薯,你便会作呕。然而在许多北欧国家里,这是为大家接受的通常习惯。

She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open,yet following her general practice she had shut them before going out. 

她慢慢地走进厅堂,并且立刻发现所有的房门都是开着的。但是按照她自己的一般习惯,她在外出前总是把门全部关好的。

◇ custom 具有 habit practice 的一切含义,此外,custom 还包含这样一层意思:长期而广泛采用的行为或方法,即风俗习惯,按照某地区人们共同生活及其行为的准则或规范,它不仅有指导意义,而且具有必须遵循的意义

Don't be a slave to custom.          不要做风俗习惯的奴隶。

From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour. 

一个人从诞生的那一时刻起,他降生后所处的风俗习惯便给他的阅历和行为定型。

◇ convention 其实是其他3个词的近义词,它的含义为:固定的或公众一致承认的行事或表达思想的方法

They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary. 

他们不顾社会习俗,并未意识到自己在做些与众不同的事。

◆ hand downhand inhand overhand out by hand hands up

◇        hand down……传下来解。例如: 

…knowledge customs and memories were handed down by the elders of the race 

……他们的知识,生活习惯以及人们所怀念的事情,都是由他们的祖先传下来的。 

The story was handed down from one generation to another.这个故事世代相传。 

◇ hand in……交上来交给递交之意。例如: 

Time is upHand in your examination papers.时间到了,请把试卷交上来。 

◇ hand over转交移送解。例如: 

Please hand over this money to XiaoZhou.请将这笔钱转交小周。 

The thief was handed over to the police.小偷已被移送到机关了。 

◇ hand out散发之意。例如:

When I got to the classroom the teacher had already begun handing out the test papers

我赶到教室时,老师已开始分发试卷了。

◇ hands up表示举起手来◇ by hand表示用手手工,是介词短语,作方式状语。 

[EXERCISES] 

This toy was made         After class you must        your homework  If you have any questions to askplease         Keysby hand hand in hands up 

◆ have sbdo sth.;have sb./sthdoing sth.;have sthdone ◇ have sbdo sth.为使(让、请)某人做某事之意,其中作宾补的不带to的不定式只表示发生过某事。例如: The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father 士兵们让男孩背对着父亲站着。 ◇ have sb./sthdoing sth.为让某人(某事)一直做某事之意,其中作宾补的现在分词表示保持或一直存在的状态。例如: The two cheats had their lights burning all night long 两个骗子让灯整夜地亮着。 Although the farm is largemy dad has only two men working for him 虽然农场大,但我爸爸只雇了两人为他(一直)干活。 ◇ have sthdone 有两层含义和用法: *其一,作(有意地)让他人为自己做某事解,即过去分词所表示的动作由别人完成,而宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者或动作对象。例如: I’ll have a new suit made of this cloth 我要用这种布料做一套新衣服。 *(无意识地)让某人(或某物)遭受不幸解。例如: He had his handbag stolen 他的手提包被人偷了。 

◆ hear of hear from hear◇ hear of表示听人说起听说过,侧重于间接听说;◇ hear from表示收到……的来信收到……的来电,后面接指人的名词或代词;◇ hear表示听见听到,后面接名词、代词或宾语从句。 

[EXERCISES] 

I       that our team won  I       my brother twice a month  I       her death last week  Can you       some birds singing  Keysheard hear from heard of hear  

◆ holiday(holidays),leave, vacation 这三个词都有假日()”的意思,但含义用法并不相同。

◇ holiday(holidays)一般指休假

Tom and I are going to have a holiday.        我和汤姆准备去度假。

I've already had my holidays this year. 我今年已经度过假了。

During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car. 

在瑞典度假期间,我在我的车子上发现了这张字条。

Postcards always spoil my holidays.           明信片总是弄得我过不好假日。

My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. 

我的假日过的很快,但是我一张明信片也没有寄给朋友。

注:have  a (one's)holiday 度假,during a holiday 在一次假期中。这种用法的holiday 总用单数形式,但并不只是一天假。 复数形式的holidays 泛指假日,如summer holidays 暑假。但“Sunday is a holiday ”中的holiday 却是一天的假。

◇ leave 请假,被批准后离开自己的工作的一段时间

He stays at home on sick leave.           他请了病假呆在家里。

He asked for a six months' leave.         他请了6个月的假。

◇ vacation 在英国指大学的寒暑假或法定不工作的日子,美国可指任何假日(期)

The students are planning how to spend their summer vacation. 

这些大学生在计划着怎样过暑假。

Mr. Fuller is on vacation now.      费勒先生在度假。

◆ honour homage reverence  deference ◇ 都含尊敬敬意的意思。 

◇ honour 普遍承认或钦佩某人的人格、事迹等因而受到的尊敬”, :

in hono(u)r of the martyred dead   向死难烈士致敬。

◇ homage 以诚恳恭敬的态度表示敬意:

They bowed in homage to the Unknown Soldiers.              他们向无名烈士墓鞠躬致敬。

◇ reverence崇敬”,  

He held her in reverence.   他崇敬她。 

◇ deference听从长者、上司、或值得尊重的人表现出的尊敬”, :

Do you treat your parents and teachers with deference?     你对父母师长尊敬吗?

◆ hurt; injure; wound; cut ◇ hurt为普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害(可被badly, slightly, seriously等修饰),也可指精神上、感情上的伤害(被very muchratherdeeply修饰),多指伤痛。如: 

I hurt my leg badly in the football match.在那场足球赛中,我的腿受了重伤。 

He felt rather hurt at your words.你的话使他很难过。 

◇ injurehurt正式,主要指意外事故中损害健康、容貌等,强调功能的损失。如: 

A bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。 

◇ wound指伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,尤其指用武器有意造成的伤口、伤疤或战场上受伤。也可指人们精神上的创伤。如: 

The thief wounded him with a knife.那小偷用刀刺伤了他。 

You have wounded his pride.你伤害了他的自尊心。 

◇ cut指无意中造成的轻伤。如: 

How did you get that cut on your hand﹖你手上的伤口是怎么弄的? 

 

G

◆ gather round; gather in; gather up; gather from 

◇ gather round表示聚集在……周围聚集在一起 

◇ gather in表示收获 庄稼  

◇ gather up表示收拾起来抱起来 

◇ gather from表示……推测……推想,后面与thatclause连用。 

[练] 

I ____ her letter that she is very happy now 

The students in our class ____ Mr Wang 

You'd better ____ your books and put them away 

The farmers ____ the wheat now 

All the workers ____ him and asked him what was wrong with him at all  

(Key: gather from  gathered round  gather up  are gathering in  gathered round)

◆ get away (from); run away (from);escape (from);flee (from)这几个词均可表示,但含义有别:◇ escape指安全地逃走或跑掉,强调结果;◇ get away fromrun away from表示的动作或行为,含有动作快速而敏捷之意,多用于口语中;◇ flee强调这一动作急促或迅速,不强调结果。选用时根据上下文的含义来定。如: The bird has escaped from the cage.那只鸟逃出鸟笼了。 He ran awaygot awayescaped from the fire.他从火灾中逃出来了。 He fled (from) the burning house.他从燃烧的房子中逃出。另外,表示从某处抽身,一般用get away from。如: I’m afraid she can’t get away from the meeting 我恐怕她很难从会议中抽身。  ◆ give up give in give out ◇ give up指行为或努力受挫或别的原因而主动放弃,可用作及物动词,跟名词或ving作宾语;也可作不及物动词;◇ give in指不再坚持自己的行为或观点等,而按别人的要求去做,一般作不及物动词;◇ give out意为用完;耗尽;体力不支,是不及物动词。例如: 

The wind was strong and the waves were bigso he had to give up attemptinghis attempt to swim the channel.风急浪高,他只好放弃横渡海峡的打算。 

All the girls finished the race except two who gave up half way

除有两个中途放弃外, 其它所有的姑娘都跑完了比赛的全程。 

As neither of the two sides would give inthe agreement fell through 

由于双方都不肯让步,所以没能达成协议。 

After a long journeymy strength gave out and couldn’t walk any farther

走了很长的路,我已筋疲力尽,再也走不动了。 

◆ glance; stare; glare 

这组动词都与有关。glance意为匆匆一瞥,是不及物动词,其后必须接介词at, over等才可以接宾语。如: 

1) He glanced at his watch.他匆匆看了一下手表。 

2) She glanced down the list of names  她由上而下匆匆地看了一下名单。 

◇ stare意为凝视,它也是一个不及物动词,其后通常接介词at才能接宾语。如: 

She stared at him in surprise.她惊讶地瞪着他看。 

He was staring out to the sea  他凝目眺望大海。 

◇ glare意为怒视;瞪眼,也是不及物动词,其后要接介词at后才能接宾语。如: 

They stood glaring at each other.他们互相怒目而视地站着。 

◆ go on to do sthgo on doing sth.;go on with sth 这三个短语都有继续做某事的意思,但在含义上有所不同。 ◇ go on to do sth.表示接着做另一件事,即接下去做与原来不同的一件事;◇ go on doing sth…表示继续不停地做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事◇ go on with sth.表示间断后继续做原来没有做完的事,其后一般接代词作宾语。通常情况下,go on doing sth.和go on with sth.可互换。例如: After they had read the textthe students went on to do the exercises 读完课文后,学生们继续做练习。 The students went on talking and laughing all the way 一路上学生们一直有说有笑。 After a restwe went on with our lesson(=After a restwe went on having our lesson.). 休息以后,我们继续上课。 

 

I

◆ identicalalikeresemble ◇ identical adj.指同一个人或物时,表示同一的,可以与same互换。在描写两个或两个以上人或物时,表示完全一样的◇ alike   adj.常作表语,表示在外表、性格或品质等方面几乎相同。◇ resemble       v.指看起来象。 

AAfter the earthquake the city ___ a battle field 

BThe interests of both parties mayn ot be ____,but they do overlap considerably 

CYou and your father don’t look very much ____. 

DThis gun is ____ to the one which the murderer used 

Answers: A. resembled     B. identica◆ C. alike     D. identical

◆ illnesssicknessdisease三者均有病或疾病之意。

◇ disease 具体指身体上发生的任何不适或疾病,可引申为某种弊端,如:heart disease “心脏病 disease of society“社会弊端等。 

◇ sickness illness 可指任何疾病或不适。但在英国,用法有些区别:sickness 多用来指恶心、呕吐之类的疾病及因某种外因引出的疾病;

◇ illness主要用于因人体内部的虚弱或失调引起的疾病。在时间上,短时的病痛多用 sickness,较长时间的病痛多用 illness。例如:

      He suffered from mountain sickness  他患有高山病。

     The child has suffered from illness for two years  这孩子已经病了两年了。

   Rough seas caused much sickness among the passengers.      汹涌的海浪使许多乘客感到恶心。

◆ increase(decrease)…byincrease(decrease)…to ◇ increasedecrease搭配时,by表示数量增加或减少的幅度,即在原有的基础上增加或减少了多少to则表示增加或减少到多少。试比较: 

The production cost of these trucks has decreased by one third compared to last year

与去年相比,这些卡车的生产成本降低了三分之一。 

The population of India has increased to one billion.印度的人口已经增加到了十亿。 

◆ in all; at all; after all ◇ in all意为总共,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。如: 

There are 25,000 Inuit in all(In all, there are 25,000 Inuit)      这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。 

◇ after all意为毕竟。表示和预期相反常放在句末;用来提醒不要忘记某个重要的结论或理由,一般放在句首。后者也可译为要记住,别忘了。如: 

I thought he was going to help us, but he didn’t after all 我以为他会帮助我们的,但他终究没有帮我们。 

After all your birthday is only two weeks away 别忘了,再过两周就是你的生日了。 

◇ at all用在否定句或本身带不肯定意义的肯定句中,以加强语气,意为根本;竟然。如: 

I don’t agree with you at all.我根本不同意你的意见。 

I was surprised at his coming at all 我很奇怪,他竟然来了。(本来我以为他不会来的。) 

◆ in the morningon the morning of 

按英语的习惯用法,in the morningafternoonevening)表示在早上(下午)晚上之意,而on the morningafternooneveningof则表示在某个具体的一天的早上(下午/晚上)之意,试比较: 

1He often reads English and Chinese in the morning 他常在早上朗读英语和语文。 

2At 5∶13 on the morning of April 18th1906the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake 

1906418早晨513分,旧金山市发生了一次可怕的地震。 

◆ in the way in a way in no way on the way ◇ in the way 意为挡道;妨碍(某人)。如: 

Tell the boy not to stand in the way.叫那个男孩别挡道碍事。 

◇ in a way 意为用某种方法(做某事)。名词way前面常有形容词或thisthat修饰。如: 

He worked out the problem in a simple way.他用简单的方法算出了这道题。 

In this way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends 

就这样一连过了好几天,艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。 

注意:如果in a way单独使用,way前不加任何修饰语,意为在某种程度上;在某些方面(某一点上)。如: The article is well written in a way.从某种程度上来说,这篇文章写得不错。 ◇ in no way 意为决不;一点也不,常用来加强语气。如: 

They are in no way similar to each other.他们毫无相似之处。 

◇ on the way 意为在途中,其后常接to,表示在去某地或做某事的路上。如: 

He lost his ticket on the way to the cinema.他在去电影院的路上把票弄丢了。 章来

因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容

Copyright © 2019- yule263.com 版权所有 湘ICP备2023023988号-1

违法及侵权请联系:TEL:199 1889 7713 E-MAIL:2724546146@qq.com

本站由北京市万商天勤律师事务所王兴未律师提供法律服务