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专业四级-19

来源：二三娱乐

专业四级-19

(总分：139.01，做题时间：90分钟)

一、{{B}}PART Ⅰ DICTATION{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：15.00)

Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.（分数：15.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：[听力原文] There are very often strong opinions expressed about what makes a good .wine. At a simple level, a good wine is one that you enjoy drinking. But why do you prefer one wine to another? To judge a wine there are three basic senses that have to be employed: the sense of sight, the sense of smell, and the sense of taste. Of these three, taste is by far the most complex, but sight and smell are powerful. The wrong colour or the wrong smell enable a wine to be discarded without taste even being involved. Having examined the wine, you can now get on and drink it. But try and remember your conclusions, for it is only by building up your own personal taste bank memory that you can progress as a wine taster. It is not difficult, and it is great fun. Cheers!

二、{{B}}PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}(总题数：3，分数：10.00)

In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.

{{B}}SECTION A CONVERSATIONS{{/B}}

In this section, you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.

In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.

{{B}}SECTION A CONVERSATIONS{{/B}}

In this section, you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.

（分数：3.00）

(1).What does Mary think is so incredible and wonderful?（分数：1.00） A.The speed of light.

B.The speed of telecommunication. √

C.Astronauts landing on the moon. D.The United States.

解析：[听力原文]1-3 M: Think about it, Mary. Through telecommunication, information travels almost at the speed of light. W: That is 1,860,000 miles per second, isn't it? M: Yeah. Or 300,000 km per second. Of course only light can travel that fast. W: Yeah. I know, Bob. But it is still incredible. When an astronaut lands on the moon within seconds we on earth can see it happen. The people here in Australia see it at the same moment they see it in the U.S. It's wonderful. M: Maybe it's wonderful. I know very well it is a fact. All over the planet we can see the same things at the same time--someone moving on the moon or playing a soccer game or we can even watch the same war, if we like. W: That's awful. M: What? Soccer? W: You know very well what I mean. The war. It's awful to have a war on television. It's not right to sit in your house to watch people kill each other. M: Right or wrong, awful or not, it is a fact. Wars are on television all the time, and people all over the world watch it. Sometimes they eat dinner while they watch. W: I don't believe that. M: The trouble with you is that you have many opinions about things but you don't look at facts. You don't see what you don't want to see. (2).What does Mary think is awful?（分数：1.00） A.Telecommunication. B.War. √ C.Soccer.

D.Watching television. 解析：

(3).What does Bob think about Mary?（分数：1.00） A.Mary is troubled.

B.Mary bases her opinions on facts. C.Mary looks at the facts.

D.Mary only sees what she wants to see. √ 解析：

Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.

（分数：4.00）

(1).What is the probable relationship between the man and the woman?（分数：1.00） A.Husband and wife. B.Teacher and student. C.Father and daughter. D.Friends. √

解析：[听力原文]4-7 M: Oh, Anna, that's a wonderful dinner. That's the best meal that I've had in a long time. W: Oh, thank you, thank you very much. M: Can I give you a hand with the dishes? W: Oh, don't bother. I'll do them myself later. Hey, would you like me to fix some coffee? M: Oh, thanks a lot. I'd love so. Eh, would you mind if I smoke. W: Why? Not at all. Here, let me get you an ashtray. M: Oh, thanks very much. Anna, I didn't realize you were such a good cook. W: Actually, I've just learned how, you know. It's because I've been taking these courses. M: Why, I can't cook at all. Can't even boil an egg. W: No kidding? Well, you know, if you want to, you could take a couple of classes over at Podun College and learn how to do it, too. M: Thanks

a lot. But I'm pretty busy these days. Oh, I just remembered. I wonder if I could possibly use your phone. W: Oh, I'm sorry. But it's out of order. Is it really important? M: Well, you see, I have to call my foreman about tomorrow's work schedule. Excuse me, would you mind if I just went out for a few minutes? I'll call him at the phone booth on the corner. W: Not at all. So long as you know your way back.

(2).The woman is good at ______ .（分数：1.00） A.writing B.cooking √ C.speaking D.swimming 解析：

(3).The man has to call his foreman about ______ .（分数：1.00） A.tomorrow's work schedule √ B.when to work C.what he should do D.the work time 解析：

(4).The man will call his foreman at ______ .（分数：1.00） A.his home

B.the phone booth √ C.his office D.his friend's home 解析：

Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.

（分数：3.00）

(1).What did Helen recently pass?（分数：1.00） A.A test in a composition class. B.A road test.

C.The written test for her driver's license. √ D.A road.

解析：[听力原文]8-10 M: Hi, Helen. How did your driving test go? Did you get your driver's license yet? W: So far, I've just taken the written test. I did well enough on that, but I still have to take the road test. M: I remember when I took the road test a few years ago. The first time I took it, I failed. W: You failed! But you're such a good driver! What happened? M: Well, I took a left-hand turn from the right lane, and the examiner told me just to turn around and go back to the testing center. It was pretty embarrassing. W: My big problem is parallel parking. I just can't seem to get a car into those little spaces. M: If you like, we can go out in my car before you take the road test and practice parallel parking. W: That would be great. I've just got to get my license. I can't believe that I have a car that my parents gave me just sitting in my garage, and I can't even drive it. M: Sure, you should get the license as soon as possible.

(2).What problem did the man have when he took his road test several years before?（分数：1.00） A.He drove too fast.

B.He couldn't park well. C.He made an improper turn. √ D.He could park well. 解析：

(3).What does the man offer to do for Helen?（分数：1.00） A.Drive her to the test site.

B.Help her get ready for the road test. √ C.Sell her a car.

D.Drive her car into her garage. 解析：

三、{{B}}SECTION B PASSAGES{{/B}}(总题数：3，分数：10.00)

In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

Questions 11 to 13 are based on. the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.

In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

Questions 11 to 13 are based on. the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.

（分数：3.00）

(1).What is the main topic of the passage?（分数：1.00） A.The mechanics of rain. √ B.The climate of North America. C.How gravity affects air current. D.Types of clouds.

解析：[听力原文]11-13 What makes it rain? Rain falls from clouds for the same reason anything falls to Earth. The Earth's gravity pulls it. But every cloud is made of water droplets or ice crystals. Why doesn't rain or snow fall constantly from all clouds? The droplets or ice crystals in clouds are exceedingly small. The effect of gravity on them is minute. Air currents move and lift droplets so that the net downward displacement is zero, even though the droplets are in constant motion. Droplets and ice crystals behave somewhat like dust in the air made visible in a shaft of sunlight. To the casual ob-server, dust seems to act in a totally random fashion, moving about chaotically without fixed direction. But in fact dust particles are much larger than water droplets and they finally fall. The cloud droplet of average size is only 1/2500 inch in diameter. It is so small that it would take sixteen hours to fall a mile in perfectly still air, and it does not fall out of moving air at all. Only when the droplet grows to a diameter of 1/125 inch or larger can it fall from the cloud. The average raindrop contains a million times as much water as a tiny cloud droplet. The growth of a cloud droplet to a size large enough to fall out is the cause of rain and other forms of precipitation. This important growth process is called \"coalescence\".

(2).Why don't all ice crystals in clouds immediately fall to Earth?（分数：1.00） A.They are balanced by the pressure of rain droplets. B.The effect of gravity at high altitude is random.

C.They are kept in the sky by air current. √ D.They are moving about with fixed direction. 解析：

(3).In this passage, what does the term \"coalescence\" refer to?（分数：1.00） A.The gathering of small clouds to form large clouds. B.The growth of droplets. √

C.The fall of raindrops and other precipitation. D.The movement of dust particles in the sunlight. 解析：

Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.

（分数：4.00）

(1).Where was the first telephone service in America established?（分数：1.00） A.New York. √ B.Washington D.C. C.Philadelphia. D.Chicago.

解析：[听力原文]14-17 The first telephone service in North America began on the East Coast in the late 19th century. All of the calls arriving in New York were routed to the office of the early Bell Company. In turn, the Boll Company would switch the calls through a manual switchboard from New York to their destination for the charge of one penny per call. Later in the century, telephone services were established between Chicago and Boston and between Washington D. C. and Philadelphia. In 1910 the Boll Company changed from a privately held company to a publicly held corporation. The new company increased the number of telephone switchboards and introduced the use of electronic switches in-stead of manual operators. Later in the 20th century as cables were laid across the ocean floor, this made communication with different continents possible, it was very expensive for people in the rural areas of the west to set up phone service though. In order to lower the prices of the telephone services, the United States government forced the telephone company to allow local telephone companies to offer competing services. When the private \"baby bells\" were allowed to operate, the prices of telephone service fell dramatically. (2).What causes the prices of the telephone system to lower in America?（分数：1.00） A.The material became cheaper. B.There was more competition. √ C.More people used the phones.

D.The phones were connected across the sea. 解析：

(3).Before the Bell Company became a publicly held corporation, how were the calls passed to their destination?（分数：1.00） A.Manual switchboards. √ B.Reading manuals.

C.Electronic switchboards. D.Voice switches. 解析：

(4).What eventually happened to the phone company?（分数：1.00） A.It became a huge company.

B.It was broken into smaller companies. √ C.It was taken over by the government. D.It was profitable. 解析：

Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.

（分数：3.00）

(1).According to Dr. Jarvik's studies, middle-aged and older persons would expect to ______ .（分数：1.00） A.remember less B.reason better C.learn fewer things

D.lose no intellectual ability √

解析：[听力原文]18-20 Many of us believe that a person's mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true, according to Dr. Jarvik, professor of psychiatry at the University of California. She has studied the mental functioning of aging per-sons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of identical twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr. Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70's and 80's, their minds did not generally decline as was expected. However, there was some decline in their psychomotor speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they lost very little intellectual ability over the years. In general Dr. Jarvik's studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only with those in their 30's and 40's, but with those in their 60's and 70's as well. In the cases where the older person's mind really seems to decay, it is not necessarily a sign of decay due to old age. Often it is simply'a sign of a depressed emotional state.

(2).Mental decay due to aging is ______ .（分数：1.00） A.common

B.much more common than most people believe C.much less common than most people believe √ D.true of those over sixty 解析：

(3).A long-term study of 136 pairs of twins showed that ______ .（分数：1.00） A.they lost a little ability to reason over the years

B.the only factor which declined over the years was their speed with which to perform mental tasks √

C.their memory was not as good as it had once been D.their minds became a bit more active as they grew older 解析：

四、{{B}}SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST{{/B}}(总题数：4，分数：9.00)

In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.

In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.

（分数：3.00）

(1).How many adults were killed in the explosion?（分数：1.00） A.22. B.9. C.76. √ D.13.

解析：[听力原文]21-23 At least 22 people, including 9 children, were killed when a fireworks warehouse exploded in India's western state of Maharashtra, police said yesterday. The explosion, which occurred on Tuesday night, also injured 76 people in Chikalthane village in the Solapur district. The village is over 400 kilometers from India's commercial center of Bom-bay, the capital of Maharashtra. People believe sparks from a fireworks display fell on the warehouse, triggering the explosion. Villagers had been celebrating a Hindu festival. (2).What was the cause of the explosion?（分数：1.00） A.Children playing with fire.

B.Fireworks set off in a house with explosives.

C.Sparks from a fireworks display falling on the warehouse. √ D.The firing of a gun. 解析：

(3).What were the villagers doing when the explosion occurred?（分数：1.00） A.They were celebrating a festival. √ B.They were doing experiments. C.They were working in the factory. D.They were idling in the street. 解析：

Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.

（分数：2.01）

(1).Eight foreign aid workers were arrested in Afghanistan because of their ______ activities.（分数：0.67） A.political B.espionage C.religious √ D.relief

解析：[听力原文]24-25 A Pakistani lawyer said the resumption of the trial of 8 foreign aid workers accused of preaching Christianity in Afghanistan has been put off until Sunday. He had met earlier Saturday with the aid workers, 2 Americans, 2 Australians, and 4 Germans. They insisted they were in Afghanistan to help the poor, not to convert them. The penalty for those captured aid workers could range from expulsion to a jail term or death sentence.

(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the penalties?（分数：0.67） A.A fine. √ B.Expulsion. C.A jail term. D.Death sentence. 解析：

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：

Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.

（分数：2.00）

(1).Fighting broke out on train to Manchester ______ .（分数：1.00） A.between football fans supporting rival teams √ B.between football players of rival teams C.between football supporters and the police D.between football players and the police

解析：[听力原文]27-28 Fifteen people are to appear in court in Manchester today following disturbances on a train bringing football supporters back from matches in London. Eyewitnesses report that the trouble began when groups of rival supporters whose teams had both been playing for London clubs began to insult each other. After fighting had broken out police boarded the train just outside Manchester and arrests were made. British Rail has announced that they are considering withdrawing all soccer special operating from Manchester. (2).______ people are to appear in court in Manchester today.（分数：1.00） A.15 √ B.50 C.5 D.8 解析：

Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.

（分数：2.00）

(1).According to the news, what are Defense Department officials expected to do on Friday?（分数：1.00）

A.To announce the plans to detect drug smugglers. √ B.To stop the flow of drugs northward from Latin America. C.To expand the use of military personnel.

D.To throw more ships, planes and personnel into the anti-drug movement.

解析：[听力原文]29-30 The US military is to throw more ships, planes and personnel into the effort to stem the flow of cocaine and marijuana northward from Latin America. Defense Department officials are expected to announce Friday a plan to detect drug smugglers which includes surveillance by US warships and radar planes in the Caribbean and the use of reconnaissance satellites. Also expected as part of the effort is the expanded use of military personnel to help law enforcement agencies search cargoes at US ports and to increase training of counter-narcotics personnel from Latin American countries. The plan is not expected to include the stationing of warships off the Columbia coast, a controversial proposal rejected by Columbia in January. (2).What was rejected by Columbia in January?（分数：1.00） A.The use of reconnaissance satellites in Columbia. B.The training of counter-narcotics personnel.

C.The proposal of stationing warships off the Columbian coast. √ D.The expanded use of military weapons. 解析：

五、{{B}}PART Ⅲ CLOZE{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET.

Threats from nomadic people in the north were{{U}} (31) {{/U}}throughout Chinese history. They were continually attacking the Chinese

northern{{U}} (32) {{/U}}. With each new emperor, came endless debate about how to{{U}} (33) {{/U}}the barbarians. There were four

options.{{U}} (34) {{/U}}offensive campaigns to drive them away or to destroy them; create defensive garrisons; develop diplomatic and{{U}} (35) {{/U}}ties with them, or build a wall to keep them out.

All the options were{{U}} (36) {{/U}}at various times. Experience showed that{{U}} (37) {{/U}}campaigns were too costly and very risky,{{U}} (38) {{/U}}defensive garrisons could not respond quickly enough{{U}} (39) {{/U}}lightning attacks along a long border. The third option would seem to be a very{{U}} (40) {{/U}}one and it was in fact tried successfully{{U}} (41) {{/U}}a couple of occasions. Wall building became the most favored option in many dynasties. The three dynasties which{{U}} (42) {{/U}}the most walls were the Qin, the Han and the Ming.

The effectiveness of the Great Wall in history is still a

controversial{{U}} (43) {{/U}}. Historical records show that the

wall{{U}} (44) {{/U}}at many times{{U}} (45) {{/U}}repel invaders. Only on two occasions when a dynasty weakened from{{U}} (46) {{/U}}were invaders from the north{{U}} (47) {{/U}}advance and conquer.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}, scholars think the Chinese wall builders were themselves

responsible for the unrest on the border. The nomads were people who did not farm, so they{{U}} (49) {{/U}}trade with China for many essentials. When the Chinese refused to trade with them, they had no option{{U}} (50) {{/U}}raid border towns.

（分数：20.00） A.continuous B.constant √ C.instant D.urgent

解析：形容词辨析题；constant意为“经常的，始终如一的”。第二句中的continually attacking是对首句的进一步说明，属于语义复现。continuous意为“连续不断的”，强调连续性，用在此处不符合常识；instant意为“立即的，刻不容缓的\"；urgent意为“紧急的，急迫的”。 A.sides B.fields C.borders √ D.boundary

解析：名词辨析题。borders意为“边境”；boundary意为“边境线，国境线”。两者的区别在于前者可指“边界线附近地区”，而后者指那条线，从句意判断，游牧民族骚扰的是区域，故选择[C]。 A.deal with √ B.do with C.do away with D.put up with

解析：短语辨析题。deal with意为“对付，应付”do with意为“以…对付过去，利用\"；do away with意为“废除，结束”；put up with意为“容忍”。从option后给出的内容看，这里提及的不仅是如何安抚游牧民族，还包括如何打击他们，只有deal with涵盖了各个方面内容，故为答案。 A.Operate B.Burst C.Initiate √ D.Begin

解析：动词辨析题。initiate意为“发起，发动\"；operate意为“操纵”，该词不能与campaign搭配使用；burst意为“突然发生”，为不及物动词，后面不可跟宾语；begin可以用作及物动词和不及物动词，但此处不能与campaigns搭配。 A.economical B.economic √ C.hypocritical D.historical

解析：形容词辨析题。economic意为“经济上的”，与前面的diplomatic构成并列关系；economical意为“经济的，节约的”，指费用的节约；hypocritical意为“伪善的”；historical意为“历史的”。 A.favored √ B.taken C.favoring D.taking

解析：动词辨析题。favor意为“喜爱”，这里的favored与该段倒数第二句中的favored构成词汇复现。 A.offensive √ B.defensive

C.protective D.defensible

解析：语义衔接题。因为本段是对前面option的进一步说明，前文出现过offensive campaigns，这里需要用相同的表达，意为“发动攻势”。defensive意为“防御的”，与offensive语义相反，为下文出现的内容；protective意为“保护的，防卫的”；defensible意为“可防卫的，有理由可辩解的”。 A.while √ B.when C.as D.although

解析：语义逻辑题。本题前后内容分别说明offensive campaigns和defensive garrisons的不足之处，while表示转折，前后两句形成对比，符合此处语义逻辑关系。when引导时间状语；as可表示时间，也可表示因果关系； although表示让步关系。这三项不符合本句逻辑关系。 A.against B.to √ C.for D.with

解析：固定搭配题。respond to为固定搭配，意为“对…做出反应”，其他几项不能与respond搭配使用。 A.rational √ B.national C.traditional D.optional

解析：形容词辨析题。rational意为“理性的”，此句意为“第三种选择不失为一种理性的选择，而且确实有几次被成功地试用过”。national意为“国家的，全国的”；traditional意为“传统的”，optional意为“可选择的，任意的”，均不合题意。 A.on √ B.in C.under D.at

解析：固定搭配题。on…occasions为固定搭配，意为“在…场合中”，occasion不与其他三个介词搭配使用。 A.built √ B.were building C.have been building D.were built

解析：动词时态题。修建长城发生在过去，此处应该用动词主动态过去时，此句意为“有三个朝代建长城最多，他们是秦朝、汉朝和明朝。” A.affair B.topic C.issue √ D.problem

解析：名词辨析题。issue意为“争端，争论的问题”，从句中的controversial可以看出这里用issue最合适。affair意为“事务，事件”，current affairs(时事)；topic意为“题目，话题”，指用于讨论的话题；problem指需要解决的问题。 A.bad B.does C.did √ D.has

解析：动词时态题。此句的谓语动词repel是动词原形，此处显然不能填has或had，应为表示强调的助动词do。因为是历史上已发生的事，所以选用其过去式did，排除does。

A.successfully √ B.peacefully C.surprisingly D.vainly

解析：副词辨析题。此句意为“历史纪录显示，长城多次成功地逼退了入侵者”。Peacefully“和平地”，surprisingly“令人吃惊地”；vainly“徒然地”，都不符合文意。 A.outside B.between C.under D.within √

解析：固定搭配题。from within意为“自内部，从里面”，weakened from within(=from inside)意为“从内部削弱”。from outside意为“来自外部”；没有from between这个搭配；from under意为“由底部”，这三项均不合文意。 A.liable to B.capable of C.prone to D.able to √

解析：短语辨析题。此句为only on two occasions置于句首的部分倒装句，主语invaders from the north前有动词 were。liable to意为“容易…的”，prone to意为“倾向于…”，这两项不符合该处语境。[B]和[D]含义相同，但be capable of后要接续动名词doing sth..，因此只有be able to合适。 A.However √ B.Therefore C.Besides D.Moreover

解析：语义逻辑题。前文讲述长城的积极作用，后文引出不同意的观点，“学者们认为中国长城的建设者们本身应为边境的不安宁负责”，所以应选择表示转折的词however。其他选项therefore表结果，besides和moreover都表示递进。 A.demanded of B.worked out C.coped with D.depended on √

解析：动词短语辨析题。depend on意为“依靠，依赖”，此句意为“游牧民族不耕作，因此他们依赖与中原的贸易来获得生活必需品。”其他选项demand of意为“索取，向…要求”，通常用在demand sb.of sth.这一结构中；work out意为“可以解决，计算出”；cope with意为“处理”。 A.rather than B.other than C.but to √ D.only to

解析：短语辨析题。but to意为“只有，除了”，此句意为“当中国拒绝与他们作贸易时，他们除了袭击边境城镇外别无选择”。rather than意为“与其…不如…”；other than意为“除了，不同于”；only to用于表示出乎意外的结果。

六、{{B}}PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY{{/B}}(总题数：30，分数：30.00)

2.______ with the great hit on the stock market, the sufferings of the investors are worthy. （分数：1.00） A.Compare

B.When compared √ C.While comparing D.Comparing

解析：非谓语动词题。由于句子主语the sufferings和非谓语动词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应该用过去分词形式，排除[C]、[D]；[A]不符合语法。when，while等连词引导时间状语从句时，当从句和主句主语相同，且从句谓语为be动词的各种形式时，可以将其省略，所以正确答案为[B]。

3.Alexander, being of a ______ , reserved nature, pays close attention to what people say about him and does not like making speeches in public. （分数：1.00） A.sensible B.sensitive √ C.sensational D.sane

解析：形容词辨析题。sensitive意思是“敏感的，灵敏的，感光的”，符合句意。sensible意思是“有感觉的，明智的，有判断力的”；sensational意思是“引起轰动的，耸人听闻的，美妙的”；sane意思是“神智健全的，精神健康的”。

4.She was hired on the ______ of her computer skills. （分数：1.00） A.power B.energy C.force D.strength √

解析：固定搭配题。on the strength of为固定搭配，意思是“依赖…，凭借…”，符合句意。power意思是“权力，体能，智能\"；energy意思是“精力，活力”；force意思是“力量，武力”，用作复数时指“军队，影响力”。

5.The dog's ears ______ when it ran. （分数：1.00） A.flopped √ B.flipped C.fluttered D.flapped

解析：动词辨析题。flop意思是“扑拍，跳动”，暗指松散或无力地(上下)移动。flip用作及物动词时意思是“掷，轻击，(用鞭等)抽打”；用作不及物动词意思是“用指轻弹，翻动书页，蹦跳”。flutter意思是“鼓翼，飘动，悸动”，主要指不规则地波动或快速拍动。flap意思是“拍打，鼓翼而飞，飘动”。 6.Among the 50 members, 40 voted, and ______ abstained. （分数：1.00） A.the others √ B.others C.another D.the other

解析：代词用法题。多于两人的情况下，在特定的范围内用the othes表示其他人，是特指；两人中的另一个用the other；another(另外一个或者几个)和other(其他的)为泛指。 7.______ up drawing, he would have become an outstanding painter. （分数：1.00） A.Were he to take B.Was he taken C.If he was to take D.Had he taken √

解析：考查虚拟语气的倒装结构。原句为：If he had taken up drawing，he would have become an outstanding painter．变为虚拟语气句的倒装结构时，省略连词if把助动词提前，从句倒装。 8.Pardon me, but Sarah might not turn ______ again until, say, tonight. （分数：1.00）

A.on B.in C.out D.up √

解析：动词短语辨析题。turn up意思是“出现，找到，到达”，符合句意。turn on意思是“开启”；turn in意思是“上缴，出卖，取得”；turn out意思是“生产，关掉”。

9.Some have little power to do good, and have ______ little strength to resist evil. （分数：1.00） A.otherwise B.however C.likewise √ D.besides

解析：副词辨析题。likewise意为“同样”；otherwise的意思是“另外，不同地，别的方式”；besides意思是“此外”；however意为“但是”。从前后两部分的句意上看，只有likewise合适。

10.I instantly enlarged on the danger of delay, putting all the considerations before her in every ______ form. （分数：1.00） A.imagined B.imaginary C.imaginative D.imaginable √

解析：形容词辨析题。imaginable意为“可想象的，可能的”，符合句意。imagined意为“被想象出来的”，一般在被动句中用，是动词的分词形式。imaginary意为“假想的，想象的”；imaginative意为“富有想象力的，想象力丰富的”。

11.Far away on each hand ______ the rich pastures, and the patches of dark earth made ready for the seed of broad-leaved green crops. （分数：1.00） A.prolong B.stretch √ C.extend D.expand

解析：动词辨析题。stretch意为“伸展”，暗指延伸或穿越一段距离，符合句意。prolong主要指时间延长，拖延或者程度上的拉长；extend意为“伸展，扩大”，暗指伸长或扩展(某物)到较大程度或最大长度expand意为“扩大，使…膨胀”，暗指增加尺寸、体积、数量或范围。

12.He tried to ______ to the view of the public more distinctly than is commonly done. （分数：1.00） A.exploit B.explore C.expose √ D.explode

解析：动词辨析题。expose意为“使暴露，受到，使曝光”，与后面的介词协to形成合理搭配，符合句意。exploit意为“开拓，剥削”explore意为“探险，探究”；explode意为“(使)爆炸”。 13.Laurence came out ______ in the speech contest. （分数：1.00） A.the third B.three C.a third D.third √

解析：冠词用法题。此句中的third作副词用，不加冠词。

14.Mary said she would come ______ you went to pick her up at 7. （分数：1.00） A.only if √ B.if only C.only D.when

解析：固定用法题。only if意思是“只有…才…”。

15.After pondering over this problem for quite a long time, he finally ______ a plan for the committee of their company to consider. （分数：1.00） A.put out B.put away C.put aside D.put forward √

解析：动词短语辨析题。put out意为“拿出，生产(产品)”；put away意为“把…收起，抛弃”；put aside意为“省下，把…放一边”；而put forward意为“提出(计划，意见)”。根据上下文意思可知[D]正确。 16.______ one has a child will one realize how great one's parents are. （分数：1.00） A.Until B.Not until √ C.It is not until D.Until not

解析：考查倒装句。把主句中的否定词和until放在一起置于句首，是用来强调从句的。由于否定词放在句首，因此主句要倒装。这句话也可以这样说：One won't realize how great one's parents are until one has a child．或者：It is not until one has a child that one will realize how great one's parents are．

17.Everything is ready, ______ ? （分数：1.00） A.isn't it √ B.aren't they C.is it D.are they

解析：考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的主句中的主语是everything时，问句中用it。 18.It's incredible that France ______ the EU Constitution. （分数：1.00） A.rejects B.rejected C.has rejected

D.should have rejected √

解析：虚拟语气题。It's incredible后面的that从句一般用虚拟语气，表示强烈的语气。同样要用虚拟的还有it's a pity，it's a shame，it's strange，it is no wonder，I'm sorry，we are surprised等。

19.It is wise to set food and money ______ in case of a future emergency. （分数：1.00） A.aside √ B.to C.down D.up

解析：动词词组搭配题。set(sth.)aside意思是“留出，拨出”，暗指以备专用或将来之用；set to意为“开始起劲地干起来”；set down意为“放下，制定，写下”；set up意为“设立，架起，升起”。 20.He tried many ways of earning, and he became a farm laborer ______ . （分数：1.00） A.eventfully B.conclusively C.timely D.eventually √

解析：副词辨析题。eventually意为“最终，最后”；eventfully意为“多事之秋，重要地”；conclusively意为“最后地，决定性地”；timely意为“及时的，适时地”。

21.The whether ______ fine, Jane went out with her family to the park. （分数：1.00） A.was B.were C.is D.being √

解析：独立主格结构题。完整的句型是：Since the weather was fine，Jane went out with her family to the park．把此句的连词since去掉后，由于the whether和谓语be是主动关系，因此把was变成现在分词being。前半句话就是独立主格结构，后半句是主句，不用做任何改变。

22.\"According to the most ______ records, my dear children,\" said Grandfather, \"the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.\" （分数：1.00） A.authentic √ B.honest C.genuine D.sincere

解析：形容词辨析题。authentic意思是“真实的”，暗指非伪造的，与事实相符并且值得信赖的；honest意思是“诚实的，正直的”，往往和人的做事态度有关；genuine意思是“真实的，诚恳的”，暗指真正地具有所谓的或显然的性质或特征的；sincere意思是“诚挚的，真实的”，也是和为人有关。 23.Your proposal deserves ______ and is worth ______ . （分数：1.00）

A.to be discussed, to be tried B.discussing, trying √ C.to be discussed, trying D.discussing, to be trying

解析：固定搭配题。从逻辑上讲proposal虽然是要被讨论的，但是如果动词用的是deserve就不用被动语态。动词或者词组后面搭配动名词而不用被动语态的词还有：want，need，require，demand等。 24.Nowhere but around this mountain area ______ such kind of custom in the past twenty years. （分数：1.00） A.we found B.we had found C.did we find D.have we found √

解析：倒装和动词时态题。当表示否定意义的词或词组在句子中作状语并置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。同时，句中的时间状语in the past twenty years是一种包括现在时间在内的时间状语，强调从过去开始一直持续至今的动作，因此应用现在完成时，故[D]正确。

25.In a moment the little bird, set free after being encaged for weeks, ______ would rise swiftly. （分数：1.00） A.out of view

B.out of seeing C.out of hand D.out of sight √

解析：固定搭配题。set free after being encaged for weeks在此句中是分词词组作主语the little bird的定语。out of(one's)sight为固定搭配，意思是“在看不见的地方”。没有[A]项的固定搭配；out of order意思是“次序颠倒，不整齐，状态不好”；out of hand意思是“无法控制，脱手，告终，立即”。 26.The documentaries were ______ great interest to them. （分数：1.00） A./ B.to C.in D.of √

解析：介词用法题。系动词加所有格结构of再加名词作表语，说明主语的性质。

27.He was ordered away upon a long ______ to the ice-covered south, to make war upon the natives there and rob them of their furs. （分数：1.00） A.excursion B.expedition √ C.tour D.voyage

解析：名词辨析题。expedition意思是“远征”，暗指为特定目标而进行的团体旅行或考察，还可以指探险队，excursion意为“远足”，暗指为寻找乐趣而做的短途旅行；tour意思是“旅行”，主要指为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的一次旅行；voyage意思是“长途旅行，远行；航海”，主要指去国外或较远地方的海上旅行。

28.This company spends ＄ 50,000 annually ______ legal counsel. （分数：1.00） A.employing B.hiring C.engaging D.retaining √

解析：动词近义词辨析题。retain意思是“雇用”，主要指雇用律师，保持财产占有，保持或维持在一个特殊的场所、条件或位置。employ意思是“雇用，使用”，hire意思是“雇请，出租”；engage意思是“吸引(某人的兴趣)；聘请，安排雇用”。

29.I like Shakespeares very much, most of which ______ for the screen by now. （分数：1.00） A.are adapted

B.have been adapted √ C.has been adapted D.were adapted

解析：主谓一致和动词时态题。当专有名词以复数的形式出现时，就表示其已经转换成普通名词了，其谓语需要使用复数形式。该题中“Shakespeares”表示其作品。同时，从定语从句中的by now可知分句表示的动作从过去一直持续到了现在，因此应使用现在完成时。故[B]正确。 30.Modesty makes one progress ______ conceit makes one lag behind. （分数：1.00） A.when B.whereas √ C.as D.whereupon

解析：考查连词。这句话中的前后两个分句形成对照。四个连词中只有[B]有对照的意思。whereupon意思是“于是，因此\"；when作连词意思是“就在那个时候，在…的时候”；as作连词意思是“与…一样，当…之时，因为”。

31.The cradle of oversea traffic and of the art of naval combats, the Mediterranean, the common of all mankind, makes a tender appeal to a seaman. （分数：1.00） A.estate B.heritage √ C.property D.possession

解析：固定用法题。common heritage of mankind为固定用法，意思是“人类的共同财产”。estate是指土地拥有权，也可以指遗产，但是暗指某人全部的财产；possession意思是“拥有，领土，财产(常用复数)”，暗指在法律上认可的财产；property多指个人财产。

七、{{B}}PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}(总题数：7，分数：20.00)

In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.

{{B}}TEXT A{{/B}}

Somehow California is always at the cutting edge, be it in the flower-power days of the 1960s or the dotcom boom of the 1990s. As Kevin Starr points out in his History of the State, California has long been \"one of the prisms through which the American people, for better and for worse, could glimpse their future\".

Mr. Starr is too good a historian to offer any pat explanation; instead, he concentrates on the extraordinary array of people and events that have led from the mythical land of Queen Calafia, through the rule of Spain and Mexico, and on to the governorship of Arnold Schwarzenegger, an iron-pumping film star with an Austrian accent. Moreover, he does so with such elegance and humor that his book is a joy to read.

What emerges is not all Californian sunshine and light. Think back to the savage violence that accompanied the 1849 Gold Rush; or to the exclusion orders against the Chinese; or to the riots that regularly marked industrial and social relations in San Francisco. California was very much the Wild West, having to wait until 1850 before it could force its way to statehood.

So what tamed it? Mr. Starr's answer is a combination of great men, great ideas and great projects. He emphasizes the development of California's infrastructure, the development of agriculture; the spread of the railroads and freeways; and, perhaps the most important factor for today's hi-tech California, the creation of a superb set of public universities. All this, he writes, \"began with water, the {{B}}sine qua non{{/B}} of any civilization.\" He goes on cheerfully to note the \"monumental damage

to the environment\" caused by irrigation projects that were \"plagued by claims of deception, double-dealing and conflict of interest\".

One virtue of this book is its structure. Mr. Start is never trapped by his chronological framework. In-stead, when the subject demands it, he manages deftly to flit back and forth among the decades. Less satisfying is his account of California's cultural progress in the 19th and 20th centuries: does he really need to invoke so many long-forgotten writers to accompany such names as Jack London, Frank Norris, Mark Twain or Raymond Chandler?

But that is a minor criticism for a book that will become a California classic. The regret is that Mr. Starr, doubtless pressed for space, leaves so little room--just a brief final chapter--for the implications of the past for California's future. He poses the question that most Americans prefer to gloss over: is California governable? \"For all its impressive growth, there remains a volatility in the politics and governance of California, which became perfectly clear to the rest of the nation in the fall of 2003 when the voters of California recalled one governor and elected another.\"

Indeed so, and Mr. Start wisely avoids making any premature judgment on their choice. Ills such as soaring house prices, grid locked freeways and \"embattled\" public schools, combined with the budgetary problems that stem from the tax revolt of 1978 would test to the limit any governor, even the Terminator. As Mr. Starr notes, no one should cite California as an unambiguous triumph: \"There has al-ways been something slightly bipolar about California. It was either utopia or dystopia, a dream or a night-mare, a hope or a broken promise--and too infrequently anything in between.\"

（分数：5.00）

(1).The phrase \"sine qua non\" in Line 1, Para. 5 possibly means ______ .（分数：1.00） A.the essential elements √ B.the premise C.the contribution D.the advantage

解析：语义理解题。根据第四段最后一句和第五段第一句可知，Mr．Starr把基础设施的建设、农业的发展、铁路公路的建设、学校的建立等等归结为源于水，水是任何文明产生的必不可少的条件，所以[A)为正确答案。选项[C]和[D]不符合题意，予以排除。选项[B]属过度推理。

(2).Which one of the following is NOT the characteristic of the book?（分数：1.00） A.The distributional imbalance of each of the part. B.The chaotic arrangement and design of the structure. √ C.The improper selection of some materials. D.The cautious view and attitude of the writer.

解析：事实细节题。根据文章第七段第二句话可以排除[A]；根据第六段第四句话可以排除[C]根据第二段第一句和最后一段第一句话可排除[D]。根据第六段前两句话可知，本文作者还是比较赞赏文章不拘泥于时间顺序，按照主题进行结构安排。

(3).What is the most adverse potential problem for the development of California?（分数：1.00） A.The residents are hypocritical, reluctant to face the reality.

B.There exist some elements of political instability. √ C.The merits and demerits co-exist.

D.Economic crisis and the harsh conditions in front.

解析：推理判断题。第七段第三句话说作者提出了大多数美国人不愿面对和回避的问题：加州能治理好么?这与[A]对应；一方面说明美国人不愿意面对现实，但这只是深层次政治因素问题的一个表现，本段最后一句话提到的选举上的问题也表明了这一点，故[B]为正确答案；[C]是一个含糊的概念：弊端与优势并存，这种说法太笼统；最后一段第二句话虽然提到了房价、交通、学校的困境，但这只是对地方官员能力的考验，不足以构成最不利的因素，因此排除[D]。

(4).From the text we can learn that Mr. Starr is very ______ as a historian.（分数：1.00） A.conservative B.cunning and shrewd C.objective and canny √ D.critical and aggressive

解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段的前两句话可以看出他很客观，用事实说话，第八段第一句话也说他避免做出不成熟的结论，这些都说明他客观、谨慎、负责，而不是狡猾、保守，所以排除了选项[A]和[B]；Mr．Starr并没有咄咄逼人、特别具有批判性，所以排除选项[D]；在赞扬加州美丽的同时也不回避其缺点，说明他作为历史学家很客观，故选择[C]。

(5).The purpose of the writer is mainly to ______ .（分数：1.00） A.give a brief account of California and its problems B.inform us why California is so attractive and enduring C.promote and popularize a would-be classical book √ D.make a comment on Mr. Starr and a review of his masterpiece

解析：主旨题。选项[A]和[B]都应该是Mr．Starr写这部传记的作用或目的，而不是本文作者的目的，所以排除；本文目的并不是介绍Mr．Starr，也不是要评价他，根据这一点就可以排除[D]对书的评价只是文章的内容，而不是作者的目的，作者的目的是评介并推广这本书(认为它是未来的经典)，所以选择[C]。 32.

{{B}}TEXT B{{/B}}

Whenever two or more {{B}}unusual traits or situations{{/B}} are found in the same place, it is tempting to look for more than a coincidental relationship between them. The high Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau certainly have extraordinary physical characteristics and the cultures that are found there are also unusual, though not unique. However there is no intention of adopting Montesquieu's view of climate and soil as cultural determents. The ecology of a region merely poses some of the problems faced by the inhabitants of the region, and while the problems facing a culture are important to its development, they do not determine it.

The appearance of the Himalayas during the late Tertiary Period and the accompanying further raising of the previously established rages had a marked effect on the climate of the region. Primarily, of course, it blocked the Indian monsoon from reaching Central Asia at all. Secondly, air and moisture from other directions were also reduced.

already drier. With the coming of the Himalayas and the relatively sudden drying out of the region, there was a severe thinning out of the animal and plant population. The ensuing incomplete Pleistocene glaciations had a further thinning effect, but significantly did not wipe out life in the area. Thus after the end of the glaciations there were only a few varieties of life extant from the original continental species. Isolated by the Kunlun range from the Tarim basin and Turfan depression, species that bad already adapted to the dry steppe climate, and would otherwise have been expected to flourish in Tibetan, the remaining native fauna and flora multi-plied. Armand described the Tibetan fauna as not having great variety, but being \"striking\" in the abundance of the particular species that are present. The plant life is similarly limited in variety, with some observers finding no more than seventy varieties of plants in even the relatively fertile Eastern Tibetan valleys, with fewer than ten food crops. Tibetan \"tea\" is a major staple, perhaps replacing the unavailable vegetables.

The difficulties of living in an environment at once dry and cold, and populated with species more usually found in more hospitable climates, are great. These difficulties may well have influenced the unusual polyandrous societies typical of the region. Lattimore sees the

maintenance of multi-husband house-holds as being preserved from earlier forms by the harsh conditions of the Tibetan uplands, which permitted no experimentation and \"froze\" the cultures that came there. Kawakiwa, on the other hand, sees the polyandry as a way of easily permitting the best householder to become the head husband regardless of age. His detailed studies of the Bhotea village of Tsumje do seem to support this idea of polyandry as a method of talent mobility in a situation where even the best talent is barely enough for survival.

In sum, though arguments can be made that a pre-existing polyandrous system was strengthened and preserved (insofar as it has been) by the rigors of the land, it would certainly be an overstatement to lay causative factors of any stronger nature to the ecological influences in this case.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：

{{B}}TEXT B{{/B}}

it.

Prior to the raising of the Himalayas, the land now forming the Tibetan uplands had a dry, continental climate with vegetation and animal's life similar to that of much of the rest of the region on the same parallel, but somewhat different from that of the areas farther north, which were already drier. With the coming of the Himalayas and the relatively sudden drying out of the region, there was a severe thinning out of the animal and plant population. The ensuing incomplete Pleistocene glaciations had a further thinning effect, but significantly did not wipe out life in the area. Thus after the end of the glaciations there were only a few varieties of life extant from the original continental species. Isolated by the Kunlun range from the Tarim basin and Turfan depression, species that bad already adapted to the dry steppe climate, and would otherwise have been expected to flourish in Tibetan, the remaining native fauna and flora multi-plied. Armand described the Tibetan fauna as not having great variety, but being \"striking\" in the abundance of the particular species that are present. The plant life is similarly limited in variety, with some observers finding no more than seventy varieties of plants in even the relatively fertile Eastern Tibetan valleys, with fewer than ten food crops. Tibetan \"tea\" is a major staple, perhaps replacing the unavailable vegetables.

（分数：5.00）

(1).What are the \"unusual traits or situations\" referred to in the first sentence?（分数：1.00） A.Patterns of animals and plant growth.

B.Food and food preparation patterns of the upland Tibetans. C.Social and familial organization of typical Tibetan society. D.Extraordinary physical characteristics and the cultures. √

解析：推理判断题。[A]和[B]可以分别由第三段的前两句话“青藏高原地带是干燥的大陆性气候，动物、植被与同纬度的相似…后来减少”和最后两句话“这里植物种类有限，不超过七十种…而人们的食物类别也不超过十种”证实；选项[C]可以由第四段的第二句话后半部分证实，“这种困难(指前一句提到的气候恶劣，动植物种类稀少)肯定对当地后来不同寻常的一妻多夫制的出现产生了影响”，这只说明了该地区的特别之处，但并都不全面；只有选项[D]作了全面总结。

(2).According to the passage, which of the following would probably be the most agreeable to Montesquieu?（分数：1.00）

A.All regions have different soils and thus, different cultures. B.Some regions with similar climates will have similar culture.

C.Cultures in the same area, sharing soil and climate, will be essentially identical. √ D.The plants of a country, by being the food of its people, cause the people to have similar views to one another.

解析：事实细节题。根据第一段第二话写到：喜马拉雅山和青藏高原地带地理特征奇特，文化也与众不同；紧接着第三句话说到：这里并无意采用孟德斯鸠“气候和土壤决定文化”的观点，所以我们可以看出孟德斯鸠所持的是一种环境决定论，认为外部环境决定人文风气。故答案为[C]。

(3).The species of fauna and flora remaining in Tibet after the Pleistocene glaciations can properly be called continental because they ______ .（分数：1.00） A.are the only life forms in Tibet, a large piece of land B.are originally found in continental climates √

C.are found in land mass that used to be a separate continent D.have been found in other parts of the Asian continent

解析：事实细节题。根据第三段“Thus after the end of the glaciations there were only a few varieties of life extant from the original continental species”，可知[B]为正确答案。 (4).The author's knowledge of Tibet is probably ______ .（分数：1.00） A.based on firsthand experience B.the result of lifelong studies C.derived from books only √ D.limited to geological history

解析：推理判断题。文中并没有涉及作者本人的研究和经历。第一段提到了Montesquieu's view，第三段引用了 Armand的描述，第四段提到了Lattimore与Kawakita的论断。由此可以看出作者对青藏高原的了解应该是从书本中得到的。

(5).The purpose of the passage is to ______ .（分数：1.00）

A.analyze the possible causal links between Tibetan ecology and society √ B.describe the social organization of typical Tibetan villages C.describe Tibetan fauna and flora

D.analyze the mysterious of the sudden appearance of the Himalayas

解析：主旨题。正确答案为[A]，文章第四段前两句话就说明了问题。一定要抓住主干，文章第一段最后一句话提到生态会影响但不决定人文风气，最后一段又重申了这一观点，中间说明喜马拉雅山的出现极大地影响了当地的气候，并阻隔了文化的变迁，学者论证当地一妻多夫制的社会组织结构可能受到这种生态环境的影响。其他选项都提到过，但都不是文章的重心。 33.

{{B}}TEXT C{{/B}}

severe punishment, even death, if he refuses to do what he is ordered to? If, then, a soldier is told by his superior to burn this house or to shoot that prisoner, how can he be held criminally accountable on the ground that the burning or shooting was a violation of the laws of war?

These are some of the questions that are raised by the concept commonly called \"superior orders\and its use as a defense in war crimes trials. It is an issue that must be as old as the laws of war themselves, and it emerged in legal guise over three centuries ago when, after the Stuart restoration in 1660, the commander of the guards at the trial and execution of Charles I was put on trial for treason and murder. The officer defended himself on the ground \"that all I did was as a soldier, by the command of my superior officer whom I must obey or die,\" but the court gave him short shrift, saying that \"When the command is traitorous, then the obedience to that command is also traitorous.\"

Though not precisely articulated, the rule that is necessarily implied by this decision is that it is the soldier's duty to obey lawful orders, but that he may disobey--and indeed must, under some circum-stances-unlawful orders. Such has been the law of the United States since the birth of the nation. In 1804, Chief Justice John Marshall declared that superior orders would justify a subordinate's conduct only \"if not to perform a prohibited act,\" and there are many other early decisions {{B}}to the same effect{{/B}}. A strikingly illustrative case occurred in the wake of that conflict which most Englishmen have never heard (although their troops burned the White House) and which we call the War of 1812. Our country was baldly split by that war too and, at a time when the United States Navy was not especially popular in New England, the ship-in-the-line Independence was lying in Boston Harbor. A passer-by directed abusive language at a marine standing guard on the ship, and the marine, Bevans by name, ran his bayonet through the man. Charged with murder, Bevans produced evidence that the marines on the Independence had been ordered to bayonet anyone showing them disrespect. The case was tried before Justice Joseph Story, next to Marshall, the leading judicial figure of those years, who charged that any such order as Bevans had invoked \"would be illegal and void,\" and, if given and put into practice, both the superior and the subordinate would be guilty of murder. In consequence, Bevans was convicted.

The order allegedly given to Bevans was pretty drastic, and Boston Harbor was not a battlefield; perhaps it was not too much to expect the marine to realize that literal compliance might lead to bad trouble. But it is only too easy to conceive of circumstances where the matter might not be at all clear. Does the subordinate obey at peril that the order may later be ruled illegal, or is protected unless he has a good reason to doubt its validity?

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：

{{B}}TEXT C{{/B}}

Moral responsibility is all very well, but what about military orders? Is it not the soldier's duty to give instant obedience to orders given by his military superiors? And apart from duty, will not the soldier suffer severe punishment, even death, if he refuses to do what he is ordered to? If, then, a soldier is told by his superior to burn this house or to shoot that prisoner, how can he be held criminally accountable on the ground that the burning or shooting was a violation of the laws of war?

at all clear. Does the subordinate obey at peril that the order may later be ruled illegal, or is protected unless he has a good reason to doubt its validity?

（分数：5.00）

(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that if a soldier obeys his superior's order to burn a house or to kill a prisoner, ______ .（分数：1.00） A.he is right according to moral standards B.he should not receive any punishment √ C.he should certainly be liable for his action D.he will be convicted according to the law of war

解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句话可知，虽然烧房子和枪杀俘虏是违反战争法的，但由于服从命令是士兵职责内的事，并且从表述的反问语气上(士兵是奉命行事，怎么就能以烧杀抢掠违反战争法定罪呢?)可知这个士兵不应该受到惩罚。

(2).What was the rule implied by the trail of the commander of the guards?（分数：1.00） A.A soldier must obey lawful orders, be he right or wrong. B.Even if an order is unlawful, the soldier must still obey it. C.A soldier may or must disobey unlawful orders or he must die. √ D.It is the soldier's duty to obey superior orders whatever they are.

解析：细节推断题。根据第二段最后一句“When the command is traitorous，then the obedience to that command is also traitorous”和第三段第一句话“it is the soldier's duty to obey lawful orders，but that he may disobey…unlawful orders”可知，士兵必须遵守合法的命令，否则就是背叛，他可以或者必须不遵守不合法的命令，但同样会因为，没有尽到职责而死。

(3).The phrase \"to the same effect\" (Line 5, Para. 3) most probably means \"which\" ______ .（分数：1.00）

A.are of the similar meaning √ B.have the same purpose C.must be put into effect D.lead to the same result

解析：词义理解题。在第三段中，作者阐述这次判决所彰显的美国法律规则，Marshall的话重申了这一规则，其他先前的判决也被提到。所有这些裁决都是一样的性质，即含义相同的，所以选择of the same meaning。 (4).According to the fourth paragraph, Bevans was found guilty because he ______ .（分数：1.00） A.obeyed illegal orders √ B.was accused of murder C.disobeyed the superior orders D.offended against the law of war

解析：事实细节题。根据第四段最后两句话中对Bevans的判决可知是他犯了杀人罪，而理由是上级命令，但命令是违法的，所以他和下命令的人同样都有罪。

(5).It can be concluded from the last paragraph that the author's attitude towards Bevans was ______ .（分数：1.00） A.bewildering B.indignant C.approving

D.not quite sympathetic √

解析：作者态度题。在最后一段中，作者认为是Bevans机械地遵守了不合法的命令，通过it was not too much to expect可以看出作者并不同情他，并指出波土顿并不是战场，可以不遵守命令，暗指作者认为他的理由根本不充分。选项[A]bewildering不正确，作者的态度实际上很明确；选项[B]indignant太严重了。 34.

{{B}}TEXT D{{/B}}

Visitors to St. Paul Cathedral are sometimes astonished as they walk round the space under the arch to come up a statue which would appear to be that of a retired armed man meditating upon a wasted life. They are still more astonished when they see under it an inscription indicating that it represents the English writer, Samuel Johnson. The statue is by Bacon, but it is not one of his best works. The figure is, as often in

eighteenth-century sculpture, clothed only in a loose robe that leaves arms, legs and one shoulder hare. But the strangeness for us is not one of costume only. If we know anything of Johnson, we know that he was constantly ill all through his life; and whether we know anything of him or not we are apt to think of a literary man as a delicate, weakly, nervous sort of person. Nothing can be further from that than the muscular statue. And in this matter the statue is perfectly right. And the fact which it reports is far from being unimportant.

{{B}}The body and the mind are closely interwoven{{/B}} in all of us, and certainly in Johnson's case the influence of the body was extremely oblivious. His melancholy, his constantly repeated conviction of the general un-happiness of human life, was certainly the result of his constitutional infirmities. On the other hand, his courage, and his entire indifference to pain, was partly due to his great bodily strength. Perhaps the vein of rudeness, almost of fierceness, which sometimes showed itself in his conversation, was the natural tem-per of an invalid and suffering giant. That at any rate is what he was. He was the victim from childhood of a disease that resembled St. Vitus's dance. He never knew the natural joy of a free and vigorous use of his limbs; when he walked it was like the struggling walk of one in irons. All accounts agree that his strange gestures and contortions were painful for his friends to witness and attracted crows of starters in the streets.

But Reynolds says that he could sit still for his portrait to be taken, and that when his mind was engaged by a conversation the convulsions ceased. In any case, it is certain that neither this perpetual misery, nor his constant fear of losing his reason, nor his many grave attacks of illness, ever induced him to surrender the privileges that belonged to his physical strength. He justly thought no character so disagreeable as that of a chronic invalid, and was determined not to be one himself. He had known what it was to live on four pence a day and scorned the life of sofa cushions and tea into which well-attended old gentle-men so easily slip.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：

{{B}}TEXT D{{/B}}

astonished when they see under it an inscription indicating that it represents the English writer, Samuel Johnson. The statue is by Bacon, but it is not one of his best works. The figure is, as often in

（分数：5.00）

(1).Visitors to St. Paul Cathedral are surprised when they look at Johnson's statue because ______ .（分数：1.00）

A.they do not expect it to be there √ B.it is dressed in Roman costume C.it is situated under the arch

D.it is dressed in eighteenth-century costume

解析：事实细节题。文章第一段前两句话指出，游客们在大教堂的拱门发现了一个退伍军人模样的人在沉思荒废的生活，而这个人竟然是英国大作家Samuel Johnson，游客们认为这座雕像不应该矗立在这里，故答案为[A]。而根据第四句和第五句可知，雕像的穿着合乎十八世纪的风格，装束并不是人们吃惊的原因，所以排除选项[B]和[D]。[C]未提及。

(2).What is the writer's general opinion about literary men?（分数：1.00） A.They have well-developed muscles and strong will. B.They suffer from nervous breakdowns.

C.They generally cannot manage their life very well. D.They suffer from poor health. √

解析：观点态度题。根据文章第一段第六、七句话可知，在作者看来，从事文学创作的人通常是delicate(体弱的)，weakly(虚弱的或有病的)和nervous(易焦虑的或易痛苦的)，故选[D]。选项[A]正好与作者的观点相反。选项[B]是对文中nervous一词的过度引申理解——作家都有神经障碍，这与文章的意思不符。而干扰项[C]在文章中并没有提到。

(3).\"The body and the mind are closely interwoven\" in Line 1, Para. 2 means ______ .（分数：1.00）

A.they have little effect on each other B.they are confused by all of us C.they interact with each other √ D.they are mixed up in all of us

解析：语义理解题。文章第二段第二、三句话指出，这种情况在Samule Johnson身上体现得更明显，他的忧郁和他对人生不如意的坚信不疑都是他脆弱的体质导致的；另一方面，他的勇气和他对苦痛的漠然也与他的身体力量不无关系。说明二者是相互影响的，所以选择[C]。选项[A]与文章意思相反，选项[D]虽然是实际情况，但并没有表明身体和心态二者间的关系。

(4).The author says Johnson found it very difficult to walk because ______ .（分数：1.00） A.he could not control his legs √ B.he had some psychological barrier C.people always stared at him D.it hurt his friends to watch him

解析：事实细节题。根据第二段第六句话“the victim from childhood of a disease”和第七句“He never knew the natural joy of a free and vigorous use of his limbs”可以推断[A]为正确答案。选项[C]和[D]是结果而不是原因，故排除。干扰项[B]不是直接原因，直接原因是他的肢体不能自由活动，而心理障碍只是间接原因。

(5).According to the passage, which is NOT true to Johnson?（分数：1.00） A.He once did not have enough money to live on. B.He lived singly in the past. C.He was a little cynical.

D.He received little care from his friends. √

解析：综合推断题。根据文章倒数第二句话可知，他很有自知之明地认识到，没有谁会像一个慢性病人那样的废物令人生厌，所以他决定不让自己成为这样一个拖油瓶；并且根据最后一句“to live on four pence a day”，每天生活开支仅仅四美分，可以看出他以前是一个人生活，因此可排除[B]；这种窘境也证实了选项[A]；根据“scorned the life of sofa cushions and tea…”可以排除[C]；而根据文章第二段最后一句“his strange gestures and contortions were painful for his friends to witness”可知朋友还是很关心他的，所以选[D]。

八、{{B}}PART Ⅵ WRITING{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：15.00)

35.{{B}}Shopping on the Net{{/B}} You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks. （分数：15.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：[参考范文] {{B}}Shopping on the Net{{/B}} Nowadays Internet is revolutionizing our globe and greatly facilitating our modern life. As a matter of fact, we can do almost everything on the Net. To illustrate, we can conduct e-business, advertise our products, book an air ticket, buy and sell stocks, even hunt a job on the Web. Recently, shopping on the Net is gradually becoming popular in big cities. However, people take different attitudes toward the new way of shopping. People, who prefer shopping on the virtual shopping centers or the e-commerce portals, hold that the new way of shopping has many advantages. First, the web-stores can keep customers updated with the best selling products. Besides, they can provide customers with a wider range of choices. Most important of all, it is very convenient and time-saving. People can stay at home shopping whatever they want online. However, others who stick to shopping in the real-life stores have their reasons. First, they argue that though time-saving, it's a little bit complicated to pay on the Web. Besides, they think that customers can never rest assured of the quality of the commodities unless they see them with their own eyes. Finally, they believe that the best way to be on guard against fake and poor quality commodities is to shop in the traditional way. Therefore, they don't show any interest in shopping online. However, more and more people will prefer shopping on the Web. And it's believed that it will eventually be an irresistible trend of shopping in the future. [审题] 这是一篇各抒己见类的议论文。这类文章可以从两个方面着手，即网上购物的利与弊，分析这一社会热点问题。网上购物有以下好处：推出最好的商品；购物者有更广阔的选择空间；方便省时。但网上购物也有弊端：付款方式复杂；无法确保商品质量；只有在现实的商场购物才能防止购买假冒伪劣商品。但随着网上购物的规范化，它会成为未来的主要购物方式之一。文章应充分考虑到网上购物的两面性，这样才能论述严密，理由充分，准确地表达出题目的中心意思。

九、{{B}}SECTION B NOTE-WRITING{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

36.{{B}}You came to Jason's home, but he was out. Write a note to tell him there will be a class meeting tomorrow morning and you are waiting for his reply.{{/B}} Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. （分数：10.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：[参考范文] Dec. 29 Dear Jason, It's a pity that you were out when I came to see you. I'm writing to tell you that there will be a class meeting at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning. We will discuss the details of the Arts festival. Please be there on time. Yours, Zhang Lei [审题] 根据该部分给出的提示，可知是写一个留言条； 1．便条开头交代时间和称呼。 2．正文首先对自己到对方家，对方却不在表示遗憾。然后说明此次来的目的是想通知对方明天开班会，班会的主题是讨论大学生艺术节的一些细节。请明天务必准时。 3．落款注意格式：致敬、签名。

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