阅读是增长知识获取信息的主要途径，阅读能力是英语教学的重点。
近年来，注重对阅读理解能力的考核已成为小升初的一大趋势。阅读理解能力影响并制约听、说、读、写能力的形成和发展，英语教学大纲也把培养阅读能力作为一个主要的教学目标。要做好阅读理解，应从以下几方面入手。 分门别类识别文体
随着信息时代的到来，阅读内容更趋于信息化、时代化，突破了单一的故事、寓言等题材，内容涉及新闻、广告、科普、医疗、教育等，文章的体裁也从记叙扩大到产品说明、逻辑推理及实际应用等文体。不同的文体阅读的要求与方法不尽相同。
记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等；议论文是阐明作者对人或事好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论；应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。 统览全篇摘录要点
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。
如某试卷C篇阅读并回答问题中，通过对全篇的布局谋篇以及问题的设置看到的不是片言只语，而从中感悟到人文思想的体现，人类和自然界生态相辅相成的关系，从而得出第6小题：From the passage, we learn that＿＿＿.答案为B。
即：The rainforest people have done something to protect their home.
在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。统览全篇，摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。 开动脑筋推测词意
英语学科教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料，换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程： 根据上下文猜测词意
如某模拟题，阅读B篇中passed away，根据上文的An illness had kept the boy home.和下文写给Rick的信中可以猜测出意为\"去世\"。 根据构词法猜测词意
前缀un-表反义词，如：happy－－unhappy，fair－－unfair，important－－unimportant等。
后缀-ment表名词，如：develop－－development，state－－statement，argue－－argument等。
后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如：calculate－－calculator，visit－－-visitor，law－－
lawyer，wai－－waiter，science－－scientist，art－－artist等。 用知识和生活经验理解短文
如：根据化学知识，可以理解科普读物Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide. 根据逻辑推理理解短文
逻辑推理实际上就是文章的\"弦外之音\"、\"言下之意\"。如：某试卷阅读C篇回答问题中，根据：Have the police taken your driving licence away, too?可以推断问题6：Why was the other man riding a bicycle instead of diving a car?的答案为：Because the police had take his driving license away.
再如：Then they cam e to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth as he did before. As soon as he touched the cloth，he cried, Wonderful It's the best picture I have ever seen!据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。 条分缕析理解长句
长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。如：Parents whose children show a special interesting particular sport have a difficult decision to make about their children's career.先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parents have a cession.再找出修饰语Whose children show a special interesting particular sport.为Parents的定语从句，difficult修饰decision，to make about their children's careers为不定式做decision的定语。经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。
二、阅读理解
2．阅读理解阅读短文，判断正误。
It's Saturday morning. My friends and I are going to the park. It's near our school. We get there by bike. There are a lot of people in the park. Some girls are skipping. Some boys are flying kites. I am watching boats on the lake. I like them. Rowing a boat is fun. We are going to see a film in the evening. Everyone is having a good time.
（1）I am going to the park with my parents on Saturday morning. （2）We get to the park by bike. （3）Some boys are flying kites.
（4）I am watching boats. I like rowing boats. （5）We are going to see a film tomorrow. 【答案】 （1）0 （2）1 （3）1 （4）1 （5）0
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍“我”跟朋友们星期六上午去公园的事情。
（1）句意：星期六上午我跟我的父母去公园了。根据My friends and I are going to the park.可知我跟朋友们去公园了。故答案为：错误。
（2）句意：我们骑自行车去公园。根据We get there by bike.可知我们骑自行车去公园。故答案为：正确。
（3）句意：一些男孩子正在放风筝。根据Some boys are flying kites.可知一些男孩子正在放风筝。故答案为：正确。
（4）句意：我正在看船。我喜欢划船。根据I am watching boats on the lake. I like them.Rowing a boat is fun.可知我正在看船。我喜欢它们。划船很有趣。故答案为：正确。 （5）句意：明天我们将去看电影。根据We are going to see a film in the evening.可知晚上我们将去看电影。故答案为：错误。
【点评】考查阅读理解，浏览文章大意把握细节。答题时，紧扣文章中的关键词，做出正确判断。
3．阅读理解读短文，判断下列句子与短文内容是否一致
Everyone wants to have good manners, but it is not so easy. We must care about everything in life. There is something we should know.
First, say \"hello\" to people you meet, not only to teachers, but also to your friends and your classmates, and even your neighbors. Second, help others as much as you can. Then everybody will like you. Third, don't laugh at others. That will be impolite and hurt them. Fourth, never ask others about their personal information. If others have something that they cannot say, they will be very embarrassed.
Good manners make things easier. They can help people to get on well with each other. When you are nice to people, they will be nice to you.
（1）Everyone wants to have good manners, but it is not so easy. （2）It is very important to have good manners.
（3）We just take care of ourselves, and everything will be fine. （4）We shouldn't ask others about their personal information. （5）Good manners can help people to get on well with each other. 【答案】 （1）1 （2）1 （3）0 （4）1 （5）1
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了礼貌在人生活中的重要性。
（1）句意：每个人都想有礼貌，但这并不容易。根据 Everyone wants to have good manners, but it is not so easy. 可知每个人都想有礼貌，但这并不容易，故答案为正确。 （2）句意：礼貌是非常重要的。根据 Good manners make things easier. 可知礼貌是非常重要的，故答案为正确。
（3）句意：我们只是照顾好自己，一切都会好起来的。根据 Second, help others as much
as you can. Then everybody will like you. 可知尽你所能帮助别人。那么每个人都会喜欢你的，故答案为错误。
（4）句意：我们不应该询问他人的个人信息。根据 Fourth, never ask others about their personal information. 可知我们不应该询问他人的个人信息，故答案为正确。
（5）句意：良好的礼仪可以使人和睦相处。根据 Good manners make things easier. They can help people to get on well with each other. 可知良好的礼仪可以使人和睦相处，故答案为正确。
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。
4．阅读理解读短文，判断下列句子正误
A Farewell Party
Dear friends，
It's time to leave our school. We are all going to middle school soon，so we will say goodbye to each other. We are going to have a party. Time: Friday, 3 pm Place: Music Room
Activities: We will listen to music，play games and dance. We will also give presents to all the students.
It will be very funny. See you at the party! （1）It's an invitation of a birthday party. （2）They will have the party on Friday.
（3）The party will be at three o'clock in the morning. （4）They will meet at the park.
（5）They will give presents to all the students and teachers. 【答案】 （1）0 （2）1 （3）0 （4）0 （5）0
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：一封欢送会的邀请函。
（1）句意：这是生日聚会的邀请。根据A Farewell Party.可知是欢送会邀请函，故答案为错误。
（2）句意：他们星期五举行聚会。根据 Time: Friday, 3 pm ，可知他们星期五举行聚会，故答案为正确。
（3）句意：聚会将在上午三点举行。根据Time: Friday, 3 pm ，可知聚会将在下午三点举行，故答案为错误。
（4）句意：他们将在公园见面。根据 See you at the party! 可知他们将在聚会见面，故答案为错误。
（5）句意：向全体师生赠送礼物。根据 We will also give presents to all the students. 可知我们还将向所有学生赠送礼物，故答案为错误。
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。
5．阅读理解阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。
Today is Saturday. It's a nice day. John and Jim go to a nature park. There is a big forest in the park. There is a beautiful lake near the forest and they can see some fish in it. There is a bridge over the river. They take some pictures on the bridge. There is a mountain in the park. They want to climb mountains, but they have no time. （1）John and Jim go to a nature ________today.
（2）There is a beautiful lake ________the forest in the park. （3）John and Jim see some fish ________ the lake. （4）John and Jim take pictures on the ________.
（5）They want to ________ mountains, but they have no time. 【答案】 （1）park （2）near （3）in （4）bridge （5）climb 【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】这是介绍John和Jim去自然公园的情况。
（1）根据短文叙述 John and Jim go to a nature park. （John和Jim去了自然公园。）可知应填park。故答案为：park。
（2）根据短文叙述 There is a beautiful lake near the forest and they can see some fish in it. （在森林旁边有一个美丽的湖，他们可以看到里面有一些鱼。）可知应填near。故答案为：near。
（3）根据短文叙述 There is a beautiful lake near the forest and they can see some fish in it. （在森林旁边有一个美丽的湖，他们可以看到里面有一些鱼。）可知应填fish。故答案为：fish。
（4）根据短文叙述 They take some pictures on the bridge. （他们在桥上拍了一些照片。）可知应填bridge。故答案为：bridge。
（5）根据短文叙述 They want to climb mountains, but they have no time. （他们想要爬山，但是他们没有时间。）可知应填climb。故答案为：climb。
【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。首先仔细阅读短文，然后根据短文叙述来补全句子。
6．阅读理解阅读理解
Tina loves singing and dancing, so on weekends she usually goes to a dancing club. In the summer, she often goes to the park. Sometimes she has a picnic with her family. In the winter, she usually goes skating. She is very good at skating.
Tina also does chores on weekends. She also helps her mother cook dinner on Saturday. She sometimes helps her father clean his car. She thinks that's fun! She also has to clean her room. That's not fun!
Sometimes Tina, Ted and their parents go out together. They go to a museum or art gallery, and then they go to eat pizza. This weekend Tina is going to sing with Bill. Bill is going to teach her to singing a Chinese song.
（1）What does Tina usually do on weekends? （2）What chores does Tina do on weekends?
（3）What does Tina do for fun with her family on weekends？ （4）What is Tina going to do this weekend?
【答案】 （1）She usually goes to a dancing club. In the summer, she often goes to the park. Sometimes she has a picnic with her family. In the winter, she usually goes skating.
（2）She helps her mother cook dinner on Saturday. She sometimes helps her father clean his car. She also has to clean her room.
（3）Sometimes Tina, Ted and their parents go out together. They go to a museum or art gallery, and then they go to eat pizza.
（4）This weekend Tina is going to sing with Bill. 【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了蒂娜周末经常做什么事情。
（1）句意：蒂娜周末通常做什么？根据 Tina loves singing and dancing, so on weekends she usually goes to a dancing club. In the summer, she often goes to the park. Sometimes she has a picnic with her family. In the winter, she usually goes skating. She is very good at skating.可知她通常去舞蹈俱乐部。夏天，她经常去公园。有时她和家人一起野餐。冬天，她通常去溜冰，故答案为 She usually goes to a dancing club. In the summer, she often goes to the park. Sometimes she has a picnic with her family. In the winter, she usually goes skating.
（2）句意：蒂娜周末做什么家务？根据She also helps her mother cook dinner on Saturday. She sometimes helps her father clean his car. She thinks that's fun! She also has to clean her room.可知她星期六帮母亲做饭。她有时帮父亲洗车。她还得打扫房间，故答案为 She helps her mother cook dinner on Saturday. She sometimes helps her father clean his car. She also has to clean her room.
（3）句意：蒂娜周末和家人一起玩什么？根据 Sometimes Tina, Ted and their parents go out together. They go to a museum or art gallery, and then they go to eat pizza.，可知有时候蒂娜、泰德和他们的父母一起出去。他们去博物馆或美术馆，然后去吃比萨饼，故答案为 Sometimes Tina, Ted and their parents go out together. They go to a museum or art gallery, and
then they go to eat pizza.
（4）句意：蒂娜这个周末打算做什么？根据This weekend Tina is going to sing with Bill. Bill is going to teach her to singing a Chinese song.可知这个周末蒂娜将和比尔一起唱歌，故答案为 This weekend Tina is going to sing with Bill.
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，写出问句的答语。
7．阅读理解阅读短文，判断句子正误。
Water is very important to people. We must drink water every day. We can't live without water. Water is everywhere around us. At home, we use water to wash clothes, to wash dishes, to cook meals and so on.
At work, people use water to put out fires, to grow vegetables, to make things in factories and so on. We can also swim in the water.
However, there isn't much water on the earth. We must save it. （1）Water isn't important to people. （2）People can't live without water. （3）Vegetables don't need water. （4）There is much water on the earth. （5）We must save water. 【答案】 （1）0 （2）1 （3）0 （4）0 （5）1
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了水对人的重要性，生活中到处需要水。
（1）句意：水对人不重要。根据 Water is very important to people. 可知水对人很重要。故答案为错误。
（2）句意：人没有水就不能生活。根据 We can't live without water. 可知没有水我们就活不下去。故答案为正确。
（3）句意：蔬菜不需要水。根据 At work, people use water to put out fires, to grow vegetables, to make things in factories and so on. 可知蔬菜也需要水。故答案为错误。 （4）句意：地球上有很多水。根据 However, there isn't much water on the earth. 可知然而，地球上的水并不多。故答案为错误。
（5）句意：我们必须节约用水。根据 We must save it. 可知我们必须节约用水。故答案为正确。
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。
8．阅读理解阅读短文，判断句子正误。
My name is Eric. I am 11 years old. I am tall. I wear glasses. I like sports and I like dogs very much. Now I live in a tall building with my family. My new home is on the fifth floor. There is a big bed and a computer in my new room. But four years ago, it was different. I was not tall. I didn't wear glasses. I was quiet. I often stayed at home. I didn't like sports. At that time, I lived in a small house. There was no computer in my old room. （1）Eric is tall now.
（2）Eric's new home is on the second floor. （3）Eric didn't wear glasses four years ago. （4）Eric liked sports four years ago. （5）There was a computer in Eric's old room. 【答案】 （1）1 （2）0 （3）1 （4）0 （5）0
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】文章大意：埃里克的自我介绍。
（1）句意：埃里克现在很高。根据I am tall.可知埃里克很高。故答案为：正确。 （2）句意：埃里克的新家在二楼。根据My new home is on the fifth floor.可知他的新家在五楼。故答案为：错误。
（3）句意：四年前埃里克不戴眼镜。根据But four years ago, it was different.I didn't wear glasses.可知四年前他不戴眼镜。故答案为：正确。
（4）句意：四年前埃里克喜欢运动。根据I didn't like sports.可知埃里克过去不喜欢运动。故答案为：错误。
（5）句意：在埃里克的旧房间里有一台电脑。根据There was no computer in my old room.可知在他的的旧房间里没有电脑。故答案为：错误。
【点评】考查阅读理解，浏览文章大意把握细节。答题时，紧扣文章中的关键词，做出正确判断。
9．阅读理解根据短文内容判断句子正误
Hello, I'm Tom. My family had a good time last weekend. Let me tell you. I went to the nature park to see animals. I took many pictures of them. The animals were so cute. My mother did housework and cooked dinner at home. My father read some newspapers in the evening. We ate dinner and watched TV together. That was fun. What about you? What did you do last weekend? （1）om went to see animals last weekend. （2）Tom likes animals. （3）Tom's mom went shopping. （4）Tom's dad read some magazines. （5）Tom's family had a good time last weekend. 【答案】 （1）1
（2）1 （3）0 （4）0 （5）1
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了汤姆和家人上周末日常生活。
（1）句意：汤姆上周末去看了动物。根据 My family had a good time last weekend. I went to the nature park to see animals. 可知汤姆上周末去看了动物，故答案为正确。
（2）句意：汤姆喜欢动物。根据 The animals were so cute. 可知汤姆喜欢动物，故答案为正确。
（3）句意：汤姆的妈妈去购物了。根据 My mother did housework and cooked dinner at home. 可知汤姆的妈妈在家做家务和做饭，故答案为错误。
（4）句意：汤姆的爸爸读了一些杂志。根据 My father read some newspapers in the evening. 可知汤姆的父亲晚上看了一些报纸，故答案为错误。
（5）句意：汤姆的家人上周末玩得很开心。根据 My family had a good time last weekend. 可知汤姆的家人上周末玩得很开心，故答案为正确。
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。
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