考博英语(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编12 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 4. Cloze Cloze

（复旦大学2011年试题） A considerable amount of medical research is aimed at identifying risk factors for disease. The rationale behind this work is that where people are informed of their risk, they will happily change their behavior to lower that risk.【C1】______this is certainly a reasonable assumption, it turns out that things are not quite that simple and straightforward. First of all, health is not necessarily a top priority in everyone’s life and, for these people, changing behavior in the interests of health may interfere【C2】______other, more important matters. Second, the benefits to be derived【C3】______such changes rarely are immediate or obvious. Usually, improvements in health take place over long periods of time and are quite subtle.【C4】______, we are all so bombarded with information about the thousands of health hazards to which we are exposed【C5】______most of us “time out” much of this information. This latter issue is compounded by the fact that much of new information to which we are exposed through the media is exaggerated and, as often as not, is contradicted later by even “newer” information. For these and other reasons, simply knowing about a risk does not necessarily ensure that people will take appropriate steps to【C6】______it. 【C7】______when people want to change their behavior, this is not easy to do. For example, the overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit, but【C8】______great effort very few are able to do so. Most smokers acknowledge, at some level, that health hazards are associated with smoking and most wish that there were a simple and painless way to stop.【C9】______, the number of people who want to lose weight is very large, but few of these people are able to do it and even【C10】______are able to maintain such weight losses.

1． 【C1】

正确答案：Although

解析：空格所在句句意为：这是一个很简单的假设，事实证明，事情没有那么简单直接。前后两句为让步关系，故Although为正确答案。

2． 【C2】

正确答案：with

解析：本题考查固定搭配。interfere with意为“干预，妨碍”，符合语境。因此with为正确答案。

3． 【C3】

正确答案：from 解析：本题考查固定搭配。derive from意为“来源于”，符合语境。因此from为正确答案。

4． 【C4】

正确答案：Therefore

解析：空格所在句句意为：我们被那么多有关健康风险的信息轰炸，以至于我们会不相信一些信息。空格处表结果，因此Therefore为正确答案。

5． 【C5】

正确答案：that

解析：本题考查so…that结构的用法。因此that为正确答案。

6． 【C6】

正确答案：lower 解析：空格所在句句意为：仅仅知道风险并不能确保人们会采取适当的措施去风险。根据上文中的“The rationale behind this work is that where people areinformed of their risk，they will happily change their behavior to lower that risk．”可知，lower为止确答案。

7． 【C7】

正确答案：Even

解析：空格所在句句意为：——当人们想去改变行为时，也不容易做。因此Even为正确答案。

8． 【C8】

正确答案：despite 解析：此处是要表达“尽管他们很努力，但是极少有人能够做到”。因此despite为正确答案。

9． 【C9】

正确答案：Similarly 解析：因为此处提到的减肥和上文中所讲的戒烟是两种相似的情形，故空格所在句句意为：同理，想要减肥的人数很多，但是很少有人做到。空格处表转折，因此Similarly为正确答案。

10． 【C10】

正确答案：less

解析：空格所在句句意为；想要减肥的人数很多，但是很少有人做到，能够坚持减肥的人就更少了。因此less为正确答案。

（复旦大学2010年试题） Business and government leaders consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased spending that causes rapid rises in prices. When your money buys fewer goods so that you get【C1】______for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise【C2】______the prices and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when “a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore”. Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the best. Retired people, for instance, can not count【C3】______an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to【C4】______their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income or any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to keep up with rising prices. In many cases they must stop【C5】______some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even for working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The cost of living goes【C6】______, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep pace with【C7】______prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same【C8】______of money, but they are not living as well because they are not able to buy as many goods and services. Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes from【C9】______the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a given year as the base. The base price is set at 100, and the other prices are reported as a percentage of the base price. A price index makes【C10】______possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous year.

11． 【C1】

正确答案：less 解析：本句上半句中有fewer，说明这里需要一个对等意思的词，less是little的比较级形式，恰好与fewer对等。另外第二空后面的那个句子“Your money buys less．”也提供了更直接的线索。

12． 【C2】

正确答案：in

解析：表达“在……方面增长或减少”时，通常用in与相应的名词搭配使用，另外，在本段第二句也有类似的表达方式：that causes rapid rises in prices。

可见，这个空既是一个搭配问题，也有明确的上下文线索。

13． 【C3】

正确答案：on

解析：这里需要的意思其实不是“依靠”，而是“期望”或“指望”，因为人们通常所“依靠”的是业已拥有的东西，而对退休的人来说，涨工资已不再可能成为现实。count on是“期望”或“指望”的意思。

14． 【C4】

正确答案：meet

解析：满足要求通常要用meet，与其宾语needs搭配。这是一个动宾搭配问题。

15． 【C5】

正确答案：buying

解析：上一句说退休的人要减少开支，这句话指出，在某些情况下，他们甚至不得不放弃购买一些生活必需品，stop后接动名词表示“不再做某事”。这还是一个搭配问题。因而正确答案为购买buying。

16． 【C6】

正确答案：up

解析：随着通货膨胀，生活成本会提高，go up是“提高，上升”的意思。

17． 【C7】

正确答案：rising

解析：如果收入跟不上上涨的物价，生活标准就会下降。此处填rising，意思为“一直上涨的、上升的”，与前后文对应。

18． 【C8】

正确答案：amount

解析：amount的意思是“数量”，用来形容money，是固定搭配。此处与第一段的“the same amount of money”也相互对应。

19． 【C9】

正确答案：which

解析：这里的意思是“()根据(或参照)物价指数确定变动率”，所以，定语从句部分应该理解为：the rate of change can be determined by the government

from priceindexes，可见，这是一个考查定语从句引导词的题目，此处from后不能跟that，只能跟which。

20． 【C10】

正确答案：it

解析：it此处是形式宾语，代替不定式to compare current prices of typical consumergoods with prices of the same goods in previous years，句子自身的结构提供了线索。