2009年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试（初试）试卷
考试科目： 613 基础英语 适用专业： 英语语言文学 考试时间： 2009年1月 11上午8：30—11:30
注意事项：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸上无效。
I. Rewrite the following sentences, making use of the words or expressions in parentheses. (10 points)
1. The decision to build a nuclear disposal centre has triggered off a great deal of protest from local residents. (a profusion of)
2. It is found in a recent survey that sexism still has a strong influence in many regions in the world. (hold fast)
3. The successful release of her debut album gave the singer much confidence and encouraged her to achieve more. (propel somebody to do…)
4. To solve the deficit problem the Prime Minister proposed a tax reform, but the Parliament’s decision to withdraw its support greatly discouraged his effort. (be a damper on… )
5. How to reform the country’s educational system has basically become a social and political problem. (in essence)
II. Paraphrase the underlined part of the following sentences. (10 points)
1. The satisfaction of killing time and of affording some outlet, however modest, for ambition, belongs to most work, and is sufficient to make even a man whose work is dull happier on the average than a man who has no work at all. 2. The power to produce great art is very often, though by no means always, associated with a temperamental unhappiness, so great that but for the joy which the artist derives from his work, he would be driven to suicide. 3. The nation has entered a period in which many houses are distinguished less by their lingering similarities than by how they diverge both from one another and from homes of the past. 4. Seen from this perspective, the “swinging singles” complexes that attracted so much gossip a few years later are an elaboration on the Sun City concept—the clustering together of people of similar ages or outlooks.
5. Never mind, these days it was always a good thing to have an overseas relative or friend fall into one’s lap. III. Vocabulary and General Knowledge. Choose from the following choices to best suit the underlined word. (20 points)
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1. Children, come straight home from school; don’t dawdle. A. crawl B. linger C. mislead D. wonder 2. The long-term threat to the survival of elephants is the loss of their natural habitat. A. ivory B. environment C. allies D. instincts
3. Though many scientific breakthroughs have resulted from mishaps, it has taken brilliant thinkers to recognize their potential.
A. misunderstandings B. accidents C. misfortunes D. incidentals 4. A postage stamp has been issued to pay tribute to Helen Keller and her teacher, Anne Sullivan. A. accentuate B. redeem C. honor D. reimburse 5. The rigor exhibited by the general was totally unwarranted. A. calisthenics B. severity C. march D. cleanliness
6. When the hedgehog feels threatened, it tucks its head into its chest and rolls itself into a spiny, ball-shaped mass. A. prickly B. motionless C. bushy D. spherical
7. Alice and George like to split hairs about whose turn it is to wash the dishes.
A. start an argument B. divide labour C. make important differences D. insist on their own 8. The Spanish, French, Dutch, and English all vied for North American territiry.
A. arrived at B. competed for C. disposed of D. sailed for 9. Despite dangers and difficulties, the soldiers were resolute. A. uncomplaining B. untiring C. well-disciplined D. determined
10. With lasers scientists can probe many physical processes, such as combustion, once beyond
our ken. A. understanding B. responsibility C. interpretation D. notice 11. Once they germinate, plants need sunlight to grow. A. turn green B. are infected C. sprout D. become full-blown
12. Many movies receive disparaging reviews from film experts and yet become extremely
successful. A. authoritative B. lengthy C. uninteresting D. negative
13.Innovative approaches to manufacturing, coupled with the tremendous size of the domestic
market, led to the emergence of the United States as an industrial giant.
A. followed by B. combined with C. deriving from D. mixed with 14. Mary McCarthy’s satires are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision. A. fused B. prefaced C. standardized D. expressed 15. Galena, the chief ore of lead, is a brittle, lead—gray mineral with a metallic luster. A. petrified B. dense C. breakable D. sparkling
16. The Songs and Sonnets, by which Donne is probably best known, ________ is the basic theme. A. love B. friendship C. parental relations D. citizenship 17. _________ is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.
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A. Elegant style B. Casual narration C. Bitter satire D. Complicated sentence structure 18. The giant Moby Dick may symbolize all EXCEPT _________. A. mystery of the universe B. sin of the whale
C. power of the Great Nature D. evil of the world
19. The convention of the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature in American literature is particularly evident in ____________.
A. Cooper’s Leatherstocking Tales B. Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter C. Whitman’s Leaves of Grass D. Irving’s Rip Van Winkle 20. The English people are ________, and the Scots, Wales and Irish are ________. A. Anglo-Saxons, Celts B. Anglos, Saxons
C. Celts, Anglo-Saxons D. Celts, Saxons IV. Error Correction. (10 points)
1. Translated into terms of psychological theory, association has been thought of as the basis of A B to learn, conditioning, and creative thinking. C D
2. The statue of Liberty was originally proposed in 1865 to commemoration the alliance of A B C D France with the American colonies during the American Revolution.
3. Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world but are much abundant in warm regions A B and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. C D
4. Anthropologists agree that our primitive ancestors who inhabited the tropics probably have A B C natural protection against the sun. D
5. Behavior modification techniques work best with problems that manifest itself in overt A B C actions. D
6. Because they are generally taken simply to obtain a recognizable and relatively clear image, A B C most nonprofessional photographs demand few equipment. D
7. Alike light waves, microwaves may be reflected and concentrated. A B C D
8. Industrial buyers are responsible for supplying the goods and services that an organization
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A B C required for its operation. D
9. The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular dish with A B C a small pocket at the bottom. D
10. The boiled point of any liquid is determined by the pressure of the surrounding gases. A B C D V. Reading Comprehension. (30 points)
TEXT A
In today’s society we are now seeing more children under the age of twelve developing eating disorders. It is estimated that 40% of nine year olds have already dieted and we are beginning to see four and five year olds expressing the need to diet. It’s a shame that children so young are being robbed of their childhoods. Why is it that so many young children are becoming obsessed with dieting and their weight? I feel the family environment has a lot to do with it, along with the fact that children are constantly being exposed to the message society gives about the importance of being thin.
Children raised in a dysfunctional family are at a higher risk for developing an eating disorder. In a home where physical or sexual abuse is taking place, the child may turn to an eating disorder to gain a sense of control. If they can’t control what is happening to their bodies during the abuse, they can control their food intake or their weight. Self imposed starvation may also be their way of trying to disappear so they no longer have to suffer through the abuse.
Children may also develop eating disorders as a way of dealing with the many emotions that they feel, especially if they are raised in a home that does not allow feelings to be expressed. Children who are compulsive eaters are usually using food to help them deal with feelings of anger, sadness, hurt, loneliness, abandonment, fear and pain. If children are not allowed to express their emotions, they may become emotional eaters. Also, if parents are too involved in their own problems, the child may turn to food for comfort.
Children are at a risk for developing an eating disorder if the parents themselves are too preoccupied with appearance and weight. If the parents are constantly dieting and expressing dislike towards their own bodies, the child will receive the message that appearance is very important. In some families the parents mistake baby fat for actual fat and may try to impose a diet on the child. Not only is that not right, it’s cruel.
As parents you need to set a good example for your children, which means that you yourself should be involved in healthy eating patterns. Another thing to remember about children is that they eat when they are hungry and they stop when they are full. Never force a child to eat if they
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don’t want to. Too many families still force children to remain at the table until they have eaten everything on their plate. Doing that could cause the child to hate meal times and develop an unhealthy attitude towards food.
Exercise is also an important part of everyone’s life and we need to help our children become involved in physical activity, which means the parents themselves should participate in healthy exercise. Help the child to find activities they enjoy and activities the whole family can enjoy. They should be taught that physical activity is important in maintaining a strong and healthy body, but they should not be given the message that exercise is important in maintaining a slim figure.
1. What kind of message does the society give to the children who are becoming obsessed with dieting and their weight?
A. It is important to be thin. B. It is fashionable to have diet. C. It’s a shame that children are being robbed of their childhoods. D. It’s a shame that children are developing eating disorders.
2. Why are Children raised in a home where physical or sexual abuse is taking place at a higher risk for developing an eating disorder?
A. They may try to regain a sense of self-control in the way of controlling their food intake or
their weight. B. They are actually very hungry during the abuse so they have to eat a lot when they are free. C. They are not allowed to express their emotions in family of this kind. D. They are forced to eat a lot by their parents in this kind of families.
3. Which of the following is the suggestion that the author gives to the parents? A. Parents must encourage the children to express their feelings. B. Parents must be deeply involved in their children’s problems.
C. Parents must pay more attention to their outlook to show their children the importance of
appearance and weight.
D. Parents must teach their children to eat everything in their plates.
4. When the children are doing body exercises, the parents should NOT________. A. explain the importance of physical activity in keeping people shaped and slim B. also take part in the activities by themselves
C. try to find out activities that are suitable for the children D. encourage the children to participate in physical activities 5. The passage mainly talks about__________.
A. the general situation of eating disorders in the group of children B. the reason why children are suffered from eating disorders
C. the steps parents should take to prevent their children from eating disorders D. all of the above
Text B
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In recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on its universities to find solutions to its major problems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place men on the moon; for dealing with our urban problems and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the world’s rapidly increasing population. The effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impinges on the universities’ efforts to perform their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge ---- the imparting of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward.
With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally sanctioned task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious bind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since World War II, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education.
While higher education has become a great “growth industry”, it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of the nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita outlay for their students. One crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in turn, to a declining standard of competence in instruction.
Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions’ organization and functioning to conform to the demands of research rather than those of teaching.
6. According to the author, ________ is the most important function of institutions of higher education.
A. creating new knowledge
B. providing solutions to social problems
C. making experts on sophisticated industries out of their students D. preparing their students to transmit inherited knowledge
7. According to the passage, one of the causes for the difficulties of American higher education is that _________. A. the government has stopped giving public institutions as much financial support as it used to
B. America has always been encouraging young people to go to college C. many public institutions have replaced private ones
D. the government only finances such researches as that or placing man on the moon
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8. The phrase “impinge on” in paragraph 1 most probably means __________. A. promote B. rely on C. have an impact on D. block 9. A serious outcome brought out by the shortage of resources is that _________. A. many public institutions have to cut down enrollments of students
B. teachers are not qualified enough for satisfactory performances in classes
C. some institutions have to reduce the expences on research
D. there is keen competition for resources and attention of faculty between public and
private institution
10. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. American society has failed to provide these institutions with adequate resources to meet their needs.
B. Though in difficulty, these institutions are determined to fulfil both research and teaching
functions. C. American society has relied too much on their institutions of higher education to allow them for easy adjustment to all their functions.
D. More resources and efforts of faculty are needed for research work than teaching work.
Text C The concept of obtaining fresh water from icebergs that are towed to populated areas and arid regions of the world was once treated as a joke more appropriate to cartoons than real life. But now it is being considered quite seriously by many nations, especially since scientists have warned that the human race will outgrow its fresh water supply faster than it runs out of food.
Glaciers are a possible source of fresh water that have been overlooked until recently. Three-quarters of the Earth’s fresh water supply is still tied up in glacial ice, a reservoir of untapped fresh water so immense that it could sustain all the rivers of the world for 1,000 years. Floating on the oceans every year are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.
Huge glaciers that stretch over the shallow continental shelf give birth to icebergs throughout the year. Icebergs are not like sea ice, which is formed when the sea itself freezes; rather, they are formed entirely on land, breaking off when glaciers spread over the sea. As they drift away from the polar region, icebergs sometimes move mysteriously in a direction opposite to the wind, pulled by subsurface currents. Because they melt more slowly than smaller pieces of ice, icebergs have been known to drift as far north as 35 degrees south of the equator in the Atlantic Ocean. To corral them and steer them to parts of the world where they are needed would not be too difficult.
The difficulty arises in other technical matters, such as the prevention of rapid melting in warmer climates and the funneling of fresh water to shore in great volume. But even if the
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icebergs lost half of their volume in towing, the water they could provide would be far cheaper than that produced by desalination, or removing salt from water. 11. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The movement of glaciers B. Icebergs as a source of fresh water C. Future water shortages D. The future of the world’s rivers 12. The word “it” in paragraph 1, sentence 2 refers to
A. an iceberg that is towed B.obtaining fresh water from icebergs C. the population of arid areas D. real life
13. According to the author, most of the world’s fresh water is to be found in
A. oceans B. rivers C. glaciers D. reservoirs 14. How are icebergs formed?
A. They break off from glaciers. B. Seawater freezes.
C. River freeze. D. Small pieces of floating ice converge. 15. With which of the following ideas would the author be likely to agree?
A. Towing icebergs to dry areas is economically possible.
B. Desalination of water is the best way to obtain drinking water.
C. Using water from icebergs is a very short-term solution to water shortages. D. Icebergs could not be towed very far before they would melt.
Text D
The ecosystems of the Earth provide an array of free public services that are essential the
support of civilizations. They maintain the quality of the atmosphere, provide food from the sea,
manufacture and replenish soils, recycle wastes and nutrients, control the overwhelming majority of crop pests and disease vectors, and so on. People have no idea how to take over these activities satisfactorily. They do know, however, that the theory once advanced in the nineteenth century--- that the productivity of the land can be indefinitely increased by the application of capital, labor, and science --- is wrong. History has shown that once the natural life-support systems of a civilization have been sufficiently damaged, they cannot usually be repaired. The ancient deforestation and overgrazing of the Mediterranean region is a famous example. And today, a global civilization is ruining the global environment.
16. What is the main topic of this passage?
A. Free public service B. Support needed for civilization C. The value of ecosystems D. The vastness of the Earth 17. The word “array” in the first sentence is closeset in meaning to A. an orderly grouping B. excess C. requirement D. model 18. The word “they” in the second sentence refers to
A. ecosystems B. civilizations C. sea D. people
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19. Which of the following could NOT be included under the “free public services” listed in the
second sentence: A. Preventing overgrazing by domestic animals B. Providing natural enemies for harmful insects C. Creating and enriching material for plant growth D. Supplying air for breathing
20. The word “advanced” in sentence 4 is closest in meaning to
A. debated B. ignored C. progressive D. proposed
VI. Translation from English into Chinese. (20 points) Is More Growth Really Better?
A number of writers have raised questions about the desirability of faster economic growth as
an end in itself, at least in the wealthier industrialized countries. Yet faster growth does mean more wealth, and to most people the desirability of wealth is beyond question. “I’ve been rich and I’ve been poor—and I can tell you, rich is better,” a noted stage personality is said to have told an interviewer, and most people seem to have the same attitude about the economy as a whole. To those who hold this belief, a healthy economy is one that is capable of turning out vast quantities of shoes, food, cars, and TV sets. An economy whose capacity to provide all these things is not expanding is said to have succumbed to the disease of stagnation.
VII. Translation from Chinese into English. (20 points) 知识经济
近年来全球发展出现了一个新概念：“知识经济”。“知识经济”代表了人类正在和即将进入的一个全新战略发展时代。据估计，不少发达国家目前的国内生产总值中知识产品已占了一半以上。知识正成为最重要的资本和生产力。信息就是优势，知识就是发展。对知识与信息的开发、获取、扩散和利用程度的高低将直接决定一个国家的整体经济实力和文化发展水平。
VIII. Writing. (30 points)
Directions:
Write a composition of about 400 words on the following statement.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? There is nothing that young people can teach older people. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.
In the first part of your article you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.
You should supply a title for your article. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to following the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
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