新标准大学英语综合教程1课后答案
Unit 1
Active readi ng 1
4 Match the words and expressions in the boxwith their definitions. 1 to make a sincere statement that you are telling the truth (swear)
a piece of flesh that connects bones and moves a particular part of yourbody 2
(muscle)
3 to make you admire or respect someone (impress)
4 to drink in small amounts (sip)
5 a period of time between two events (gap)
6 to arrive somewhere and give your personal details to the person workingat the reception desk (check in)
5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words and expressions in the box.
1 There was only just enough room for two people. (barely)
2 Be careful or you’ll accidentally pour your drink down your clothes. (spill) 3 He was completely unaware of what to do in the library. (ignorant) 4 She was very clever and got excellent grades. (intelligent)
5 You write your name on the list to join the club. (sign up) 6 She tells me that she’s definitely read the book. (assures)
She assures me that she’s read the book.
7 I need to go and buy some tea, I have finished it all. (run out of) I need to go and buy some tea, I have run out of it. 6 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions.
1 Is a warden likely to be (a) a teacher at the college, or (b) someonewho looks after the hall of residence?
2 Is a tutor likely to be (a) a teacher, or (b) astudent?
3 If you go along somewhere, do you (a) go to aplace and join other people
there, or (b) walk a long way
to get to a place?
4 If you rent out a room, do you (a) paint and decorate it, or (b) allow itto be used by someone who pays you regularly to use it?
Active readi ng 2
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box. 1 When he speaks, people notice that he sounds Irish. (detect) 2 Frank McCourt had read a lot of books which was deserving respect consideringhe had no high school education. (admirable)
3 You can tell the students on the underground trains by the number ofbooks they carry. (subways)
4 The woman in the admissions office suggests that his European educationis not good enough.
(inadequate)
5 The professor was writing very quickly in his notebook. (scribbling) 6 Many immigrants came to America to escape extremely bad treatmentbecause of their race, religion or political beliefs in their own countries. (persecution) 5 Answer the questions about the expressions.
1 I’m in heaven Does this mean I’m (a) delighted, or (b)unhappy?
Does this mean thatideas (a) need 2 ideas don’t drop fully formed from the skies
to be developed with careful thinking, or (b) areimmediately created through good teaching?
3 in the long run Does this mean (a) at a timein the future, or (b) with a great deal of effort?
4 frighten the life out of someone Does this mean (a) to makesomeone very ill, or (b) to make someone extremely afraid andnervous?
Language in use
with / without
1 Match the sentences with the uses of with /without .
1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (d)
2 Rewrite the sentences using with / without.
1 Her tutor moves his head from side to side. He spills his coffee intothe saucer. With his head moving from side to side, her tutor spills his coffee intothe saucer.
“Splendid,” he says. He doesn’t wait for an answer. 2
“Splendid,” he says, without waiting for an answer.
3 Frank McCourt speaks in class. He has an Irish accent.
Frank McCourt speaks in class with an Irish accent.
4 He plans to go on the subway. He has the books covered in purple andwhite NYU jackets.
He plans to go on the subway with the books covered in purple and whiteNYU jackets. 5 He’s only allowed to take two courses. He isn’t told why.
He’s only allowed to take two courses without being told why. 6 He would like to ask a question. He doesn’t like to raise his hand. He would like to ask a
question without raising his hand. collocations
3 Read the explanations of the words andexpressions. Answer the questions. 1 climb When you climb into / out of / throughsomething, you do it with difficulty. (a) So why does the writer’s father climb out of the room?
Because the room is very small.
(b) Why would you climb into bed?
You would climb into bed if you are so tired that it feels like a hugeeffort. (c) If you climb through a hole, what do you do with your body? You would probably need to bend over, and crawl through the hole. 2 spill This word usually suggests several ideas: liquid,accidentally, movement and out of control.
(a) What has happened if you’ve spilt coffee all over your desk?
You have accidentally knocked over a cup / mug and the coffee has gone(uncontrolled) all over the
desk.
(b) What has happened if toys spilt out all over the carpet?
The toys are in a container, such as a box, and either the box is too fullso some toys are falling out
onto the carpet, or the box has been tipped over so most of the toys havefallen out of the box.
(c) What might be happening if crowds were spilling out of the bars andrestaurants? Many people would be leaving the bars and restaurants all at once,probably because they were closing
for the night.
3 join When you join something, you become part of it. Thewriter joins a queue, and several clubs.
(a) When might someojoin a bandne ?
When they can play a musical instrument and want to play with others. (b) What has happened if you join the unemployed?
You have lost your job and become unemployed.
(c) What do you do when you join in?
You do the same activity that most other people are doing.
4 burst into This phrase suggests that something suddenly happens,or someone suddenly starts doing something.
(a) What does the writer suddenly start doing when she bursts intotears? The writer suddenly starts crying.
(b) What bursts into bloom?
Flowers, when they emerge from buds.
(c) What do you do when something bursts into flames?
Put out the flames immediately if you can, or keep well clear and call theemergency services (the
fire brigade).
5 clean This word usually suggests several ideas: not dirty, notillegal or wrong, without problems,
inoffensive.
(a) If you’ve got a clean licence, what have or haven’t you done?
This refers to a driving licence. It means that you have been drivingsafely or at least you have no
penalty points on the licence – a person gets such points as a punishmentafter breaking the law on
the roads, eg speeding or causing an accident, and the licence then has anote on it (it’s not “clean”)
and the police have a record.
(b) If you use clean language, what do you avoid saying?
You avoid using swear words or other examples of bad language. (c) If something has a clean bill of health, is it healthy orworking correctly?
Here this phrase is used metaphorically and means something is workingproperly, for example, a
car might have a clean bill of health, after a check or test thatit is working properly.
6 easy This word usually suggests that something is not difficultor doesn’t need much work. It can also suggest that a person is confident,happy and not worried about anything.
(a) If someone is easy-going, how do they behave with other people? An easy-going person behaves in a relaxed, calm manner with othersand is happy to accept things
without getting worried or angry.
(b) If someone is easy on the eye, how do they look?
A person who is easy on the eye is pleasant to look at inappearance and in the way they dress.
(c) If something is easier said than done, is it more or lessdifficult to do? When something is easier said than done, it is easy to talk about,but difficult to achieve.
(d) If someone tells you to “Take it easy”, what are they tellingyou to do? When they tell you to “Take it easy” they can mean either of twothings: You should rest and not do
things that will make you tired, or you should keep calm, being less upsetor
angry. 4 Complete the sentences using thecollocations in Activity 3. 1 If ever I spill out of my clothes, it’s because I have put on a lot of weight and my clothesdon’t fit me any more.
2 The last time someone made me burst into tears was when I was asmall child and someone hurt me.
3 I always use clean language when I talk to my teachers or parents. 4 It was easier said than done when someone suggested that we should put the flag on thetop of the mountain.
5 I’ll never forget the time when I had to climb through a window becauseI was locked out of the house.
6 Unfortunately I spilt water over myassignment, so I had to print another copy. 7 When my friends suggested that they wanted to play football on thebeach, I decided to join in.
When the cherry trees burst into bloom, I think of myvisit to Japan two years ago. 8
9 I would only lose my clean licence if ever I had acar accident in which I was driving under the
influence of alcohol.
10 The people I think are easy on the eye are attractiveand pleasant to look at. 5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1 Finally, with my mother red in the face and short of breath, we find Room8, I unlock the door, and we all walk in.
等我们终于找到8号房间的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸，累得上气不接下气。我打开门锁，我们都走了进去。
2 She impresses me, and I feel so ignorant that I shouldn’t even breathethe same air as her.
她给我留下了深刻的印象，我觉得自己太无知了，甚至不配跟她呼吸同样的空气。 3 I don’t know why I have to be introduced to literature but the woman inthe admissions office says it’s a requirement even though I’ve read Dostoyevskyand Melville and that’s admirable for someone without a high school education. 我不知道为什么我非得了解文学。可是招生办公室的那位女士说，虽然我读过陀思妥耶夫斯基和梅尔维尔的小说，虽然一个没上过高中的人能读这些书的确令人敬佩，但这门课是必修课。
4 I’m in heaven and the first thing to do is buy the required textbooks,cover them with the purple and white NYU book jackets so that people in thesubway
will look at me admiringly.
我乐得飘飘然了，第一件事就是去买所需要的课本，然后用纽约大学紫白相间的护封把它们套起来，这样地铁里的乘客就会向我投来艳羡的目光了。
5 Then the professor tells us ideas don’t drop fully formed from theskies, that the Pilgrims were, in the long run, children of the Reformationwith an accompanying world-view and their attitudes to children were soinformed.
接着，教授告诉我们，观念并不是从天而降的现成品。从长远来看，清教徒是宗教改革运动的
产物，他们继承了宗教改革运动的世界观，并且他们对孩子的态度也由此体现了宗教改革运动
的思想。
6 Translate the sentences into English.
1 他们对业余剧社的介绍给苏菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics; sign up for)
Theirintroduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed upfor it.
2 网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(work full time) Onlineeducation provides those who work full time with opportunities to receivefurther education in their spare time.
3 刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。(be supposed to; scribble down)
When hefirst arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed toscribble down every word out of the professor’s mouth.
4 没有人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。(detect)
No onedetects his despair well hidden behind his smile.
5 有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。(be easy about) Somestudents are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hardto do so.
Unit 2
Active reading one
Dealing with unfamiliar words
3 Match the words in the box with theirdefinitions.
1 honest about the situation or your opinions, even if this offends people(frank) 2 a place that many people go to for a holiday (resort)
3 tasting extremely good (yummy)
4 containing a lot of liquid, so tasting good (juicy)
5 dark in a way that makes you feel sad or a little afraid (gloomy)
lack of experience of life (innocence) 6
7 the ability to understand and make good judgments about something (perception) 8 ideas, behaviour, or statements that are not true or sensible (nonsense) 4 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box. 1 The waves were very large in size as they fell onto the beach. (enormous) 2 There was so much seafood that it was holding tightly onto the plate. (clinging) 3 In the area of land where they were visiting, it wasn’t usual to eatfish and chips. (region)
4 When he had eaten the shellfish, he got rid of the shells. (discarded) 5 To eat shellfish you need special tools to break open the shells and digout the food. (implements; crack; scrape)
6 The boy was especially fond of his mother’s bread and cakes from theoven. (baking) 7 Because they’re smooth, wet and quite difficult to hold, it’s quite achallenge to try your first oysters. (slippery)
5 Answer the questions about the words in thebox.
1 Which word means feeling? (emotion)
2 Which word means a feeling that a situation is so bad that there’s nothingyou can do to change it? (despair)
3 Which word means to say you’re not happy with someone or something? (complain) 4 Which word describes how your face looks when you’re annoyed or worriedabout something? (frown)
5 Which word describes something that is unpleasant to taste, smell orsee? (nasty) 6 Which word means to say something to someone in order to have fun byembarrassing or annoying them slightly? (tease)
Active reading 2
Dealing withunfamiliar words
4 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions in the box. 1 Is
something stimulating likely to make you feel (a) moreactive, or (b) more passive?
2 Are the properties of chocolate likely to be (a) itsfeatures, or (b) the way it’s made?
3 If one thingaccou nts for another, does it explain (a) themeaning of it, or (b) the reason for it?
4 Is something that is manufactured something (a) handmade, or (b) made in afactory? 5 If chocolate helps release hormones from the brain, does it (a) help causehormones to leave the brain, or (b) contain hormones, then let them go? 6 If you crush something, do you (a) press itstrongly, or (b) squeeze it gently?
7 If you have inherited something, have you got it from (a)society, or (b) your parents?
8 When something melts, does it become (a) solid, or (b) liquid?
9 When you confess something, would you (a) tellpeople, or (b) not tell them? 5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box. For a (1) product which you enjoy but don’t really need, chocolate is extremely(2)
. Chocolate as we know it today first appeared inthe 1800s, beneficial to your health
when liquid chocolate was poured into a (3) shaped container to cooland become solid. Then the chocolate (4) maker Lindt discovered how to make chocolate(5) break easily by adding extra cocoa butter, and Daniel Peter first made milkchocolate using milk which had been (6) concentrated and then mixed with cocoa paste,which gave it a smoother (7) taste. But the (8) appeal for so many people ofchocolate is both an (9) inherited (10) characteristic and an effect of the 300chemicals it contains, including vitamins.
Key: (1) luxury (2) nourishing (3) mould (4) manufacturer (5) snap (6) condensed (7) flavour (8) popularity (9) genetic (10) trait
Language in use
giving extrainformation
1 Rewrite the sentences.
1 The restaurant was in a French seaside resort by the Atlantic Ocean. Youget excellent seafood from the
Atlantic Ocean.
The restaurant was in a French seaside resort by the Atlantic Ocean, whereyou get
excellent seafood.
2 My father had decided to take me for lunch to a restaurant. He wanted meto try my first oyster.
My father, who wanted me to try my first oyster, had decided to take mefor lunch to a restaurant.
3 The oyster was unlike anything I have ever tasted before or since. Itwas slippery. The oyster, which was slippery, was unlike anything I have ever tastedbefore or since.
4 Chocolate is made from the beans of the cacao tree, Theobroma cacao.Theobroma cacao means “food
of the gods”.
of the cacao tree, Theobroma cacao, whichmeans Chocolate is made from the beans
“food of the gods”.
5 The world’s best-selling type of chocolate, milk chocolate, didn’tappear until the end of the 19th
century. Milk chocolate is sweeter and smoother than dark chocolate. The world’s best-selling type of chocolate, milk chocolate, which issweeter and smoother than dark
chocolate, didn’t appear until the end of the 19th century.
6 Daniel Peter perfected the process of making milk chocolate. He was Swiss. Daniel Peter, who was Swiss, perfected the process of making milkchocolate.
leaving out words
2 Rewrite the sentences.
1 ... and the waiter had already brought an enormous portion of seafood, crabs,prawns, lobsters and all sorts of shellfish which were clinging onto each other...
... and the waiter had already brought an enormous portion of seafood, crabs,prawns, lobsters and all sorts of shellfish clinging onto each other ... 2 On his plate was a pile of discarded lobster claws, and alongside was abattery of implements which were used to crack the shells ...
On his plate was a pile of discarded lobster claws, and alongside was abattery of implements used to crack the shells ...
3 The next development was learning how to get cocoa butter from the beans,a process which was first tried in 1825.
The next development was learning how to get cocoa butter from the beans,a process first tried in 1825.
4 Condensed milk is a thick, sweet milk which is sold in cans. Condensed milk is a thick, sweet milk sold in cans.
5 Hormones are a chemical substance which is produced by your body. Hormones are a chemical substance produced by your body. word formation
3 Form new words with the following words andthe prefixes / suffixes in the table. air – airsick car – carsick fiction – non-fiction help – helpful sea – seasick shop – shopaholic smoker – non-smoker spoon – spoonful stop – non-stop work – workaholic
4 Answer the questions with the words youformed in Activity 3.
What’s the word for:
1 how you feel if the sea makes you ill? (seasick)
2 someone who likes shopping a lot? (shopaholic)
3 what something is if it is useful and providing help? (helpful) 4 what a flight is if it goes directly from one place to another? (non-stop) 5 someone who doesn’t smoke? (non-smoker)
6 writing which is about real people and events, not imaginary ones? (non-fiction) 5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1 Outside the skies were grey and a strong wind was blowing off the sea.It looked as gloomy as I felt.
外面，天空灰蒙蒙的，海面上刮来一阵强风。天气看起来和我的心情一样阴郁。 2 “Now, stop complaining, try one oyster for me, then you can have somethingnice and easy to eat, maybe some prawns with bread and butter,” he suggested,striking a note of compromise for the first time during the whole meal. “好啦，别抱怨了，就给我尝一只牡蛎，然后你就可以吃些好吃、顺口的东西，比如对虾加黄油面包。”他提议说。吃了这么长时间的饭，他的话中第一次有了妥协的意思。 3 But with the clear conception which only a ten-year-old boy can have, Istill understood that the
compromise included eating that oyster, sitting on the side of my father’splate.
但是，尽管清晰地感觉到了他的妥协——只有一个十岁的男孩才有这样的感觉，我仍
然明白这妥协包含着吃掉那只牡蛎，那只放在我父亲的盘子边上的牡蛎。
4 The chocolate sets into bars which will easily snap into pieces and thenmelt in the mouth.
(添加了可可油后)巧克力凝固成易折断的条块，入口即化。
5 But what accounts for its amazing popularity or even the properties thathave made millions of peopleconfess to being chocaholics?
但是，是什么原因使得巧克力出奇地畅销,又是什么原因导致了巧克力的上瘾特性，使无数人承认自己是巧克力迷呢,
6 Translate the sentences into English.
1 他们这儿不卖薯条，如果你想吃，得去肯德基或麦当劳。(serve)
They don’t serve chips / French fries here. If you want them, you have togo to a
KFC or McDonald’s.
2 他拣起一个核桃，想用锤子把它砸开，可没想到却把它砸碎了。(crack; crush) He picked up a walnut and tried to crack it with a hammer, but instead hecrushed it.
3 当金子加热融化后，他们把金水倒进模子，铸成金条。(melt; mould)
When the gold was heated and melted, they poured it into a mould to form agold bar. 4 他承认是他打破了教室的窗玻璃。(admit to)
He admitted to breaking the window of the classroom.
5 令我们欣喜的是，新的经济计划开始对经济发展产生积极影响。(have „ effecton) To our delight, the new economic policy is beginning to have a positive effecton the economy.
Unit 3
Active reading one
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Match the words in the box with theirdefinitions.
1 to move your body so it is closer to or further from someone orsomething (lean) 2 a total amount made by adding several numbers or amounts together (sum) 3 the ability to think about and plan for the future, using intelligenceand imagination (vision)
4 used for emphasizing that something refers to one specific situation (particularly)
5 a feeling that you do not trust someone or something (suspicion) 6 to press or move your hands or an object over a surface (rub) 5 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions in the box. 1 If you are doing an advanced course in something, is it at (a) a highlevel, or (b) a low level?
2 If you peer at something, is it (a) difficult, or (b) easy tosee?
3 If you get a glimpse of something, do you see it (a) clearly andfor a long time, or (b) not very clearly and for a short time?
4 Is a radical idea (a) traditional and widely accepted, or (b) new anddifferent?
(This word indicates some fundamental changes in ideas or actions.) 5 If you are in agony about something, do you feel (a) in painand uncomfortable, or (b) happy and
comfortable?
6 If you do something in the presence of someone, are they (a) with you, or (b)somewhere else?
something, did they (a) show theyrespect and approve of it, 7 If someone affirmed
or (b) not respect or disapprove of it?
8 If you do something on purpose, do you (a) mean to doit, or (b) do itby accident? 6 Complete the sentences with the correctform of the words and expressions in the boxes in Activities 4 and 5.
1 Many people greet radical ideas with suspicion because they areafraid of change. 2 Looking at the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci, you feel as if you are inthe presence of a genius whohad an extraordinary vision of the future.
3 You need to peer closely at the figures on the board, particularly as thehandwriting is so bad.
4 It doesn’t take an advanced level ofintelligence to realize that you need at least two numbers to be ableto workout the sum.
5 If you lean forwards, you may see the star as he comes out of the theatre, but you’llprobably only catcha glimpse of him.
I rubbed some medicine onto the wound hoping to stop the pain, but I’m still in 6
agony.
7 Tom’s excellent exam results affirmed the teacher’sfaith in his ability. 8 The police think the fire was started on purpose.
7 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions.
1 If you thwart something, do you (a) stop it, or (b)encourage it? 2 If there is a dearth of something, is there (a) a lot of it, or (b) not enough? 3 Does unmitigated encouragement suggest (a) completely positive,or (b) slightly negative support?
4 If a teacher is maligned by their pupils, do you think they say(a) nice things, or (b) bad things about theteacher?
5 If you humiliate someone, do you make them feel (a) good, or (b) upset andembarrassed?
6 If someone speakat lengts h, do they speak (a) for a longtime, or (b) for a short time?
7 If something is prevalent, does it occur (a) often, or (b) notvery often ?
Active reading 2
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Match the words in the box with theirdefinitions.
1 to connect or combine two or more things so that together they form aneffective unit (integrate)
2 involving a lot of imagination and new ideas (creative)
3 connecting ideas in a sensible way (logical)
4 to move something from one place to another (transfer)
5 expressing an opinion when you think something is wrong or bad (critical) (This definition is only one aspect of this word. Being critical does notalways refer to a negative aspect of something. Ss can look in a dictionary forother definitions.) 6 working well and producing the result that was intended (effective) 7 to recognize something and understand exactly what it is (identify)
to create or produce (generate) 8
9 to remember something (recall)
5 Complete the passage with the correct formof the words in Activity 4.
Writing an essay requires a number of special skills. One of these is to(1) transfer information from
different sources into a single, short document. Another is to present anargument which is (2) logical and easy tounderstand. And, of course, to be (3) effective an essay shouldbe properly planned and researched. Luckily, the Internet can help you withthis research. Most students these days (4) integrate their own readingof a subject with Internet searches. But it is not easy to use the Internet.You should always be (5) critical of what you findand not just use the first web page. A quick search of the Web for a particulartopic may (6) generate thousands of hits, but you must be able to (7) identify the informationyou need. You should be able to (8) recall where you foundit too, because it is important to refer to your sources of
. Andfinally, you need to be information
(9) creative – because an essay should be an original piece of work. 6 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.
1 Doing a doctorate makes it possible to become an expert in a particularfield. (specialize)
2 I remember the main point of what he was saying, but I can’t rememberwhere it was we had the
conversation. (thrust; the setting in which)
3 It’s a very long and difficult book, and I’m afraid people may feel undergreat pressure when they turnthe first pages. (overwhelmed)
4 Ours is a small university, but the teaching is organized in a sensibleand practical way. (rational)
5 Students can get help with money. (financial)
Students can get financial help.
6 The amount of help is different from one university to another. (extent;varies) 7 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions.
1 If you hone a skill, do you (a) improve it, or (b) forgetit?
(The word hone also indicates the improvement of a skill that isalready well-developed.)
2 If you strike a balance between two things, do you (a) choose oneof them,
or (b) find a middle way?
3 Is an open-ended discussion one which (a) doesn’tcome to a conclusion, or (b) anyone can join in?
4 If you assimilate information, are you likely to (a) take it inand use it effectively, or (b) analyze it and reject it asirrelevant? 5 Is something whichsubje is ctive likely to be based on (a) fact,or (b) your own
feelings or ideas?
6 If you get bogged down in something, are you (a) enjoying it, or (b) not ableto get free from it?
7 Is a step-by-step approach likely to (a) jump to a conclusion, or(b) moveforwards slowly and logically?
Language in use
much
1 Match the sentences with the uses of much . 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (a)
2 Rewrite the sentences using not think muchof.
1 I didn’t think that lesson was very good.
I didn’t think much of that lesson.
2 None of us like the timetable we’ve been given for this term. None of us think much of the timetable we’ve been given for this term. 3 I’m afraid I’ve got strong doubts about what I’ve written. I’m afraid I don’t think much of what I’ve written.
4 Our professor is always criticizing this book.
much of this book. Our professor doesn’t think
5 I don’t like the theme of this week’s essay.
I don’t think much of the theme of this week’s essay.
6 I don’t agree with Honey and Mumford’s ideas about learning types. I don’t think much of Honey and Mumford’s ideas about learning types. 3 Complete the sentences using much rather ormuch prefer .
1 I’d much rather work in thelibrary than in my room. 2 Li would much rather study with afriend than on her own. 3 Personally I much prefer taking notes to being givenphotocopies. 4 Some people would much rather start
writingstraight away than spend a lot oftime reading.
Now write two more sentences about your ownstudy preferences. Use much rather and much prefer .
• I would much rather listen to lecturesthan read the lecture notes. • I would much prefer asking questionsafter class to asking questions in class. 4 Rewrite the sentences using much less .
1 I can’t even say two words in Chinese, so I definitely can’t speak thelanguage. I can’t even say two words in Chinese, much less speak the language. 2 Basic study skills are often not taught here, and certainly notpractised. Basic study skills are often not taught here, much less practised. 3 Nobody has even started the essay, let alone finished it. Nobody has even started the essay, much less finished it. 4 Hardly anyone in the room heard what the lecturer was saying, and so ofcourse they didn’t understand him.
Hardly anyone in the room heard what the lecturer was saying, much lessunderstood him.
5 I haven’t got a PC in my room, so obviously I haven’t got an Internetconnection. I haven’t got a PC in my room, much less an Internet connection.
6 I didn’t dare say anything after the lesson, let alone criticize what hesaid. I didn’t dare say anything after the lesson, much less criticize what hesaid. while / when +participle
5 Rewrite the sentences.
1 When you choose a course, think about the amount of study it willrequire. When choosing a course, you should think about the amount of study it willrequire. 2 When you are writing an essay, you should keep in mind the main theme. When writing an essay, you should keep in mind the main theme.
3 Always keep a record of your sources when you do research on theInternet. Always keep a record of your sources when doing research on the Internet. 4 Our lecturer uses PowerPoint while he is explaining basic concepts. Our lecturer uses PowerPoint while explaining basic concepts. 5 I had a brilliant idea while I was sitting in the library this morning. I had a brilliant idea while sitting in the library this morning. subject-verbinversion
Rewrite the sentences using subject-verbinversion. 6
1 If I had known what this week’s lecture was about, I wouldn’t have gone. Had I known what this week’s lecture was about, I wouldn’t have gone. 2 I would have corrected the work, if I had noticed the mistake. I would have
corrected the work had I noticed the mistake.
3 If you had thought about this a little earlier, you wouldn’t be introuble now. Had you thought about this a little earlier, you wouldn’t be in troublenow. 4 If he had shared his ideas with us, we would have made some progress. Had he shared his ideas with us, we would have made some progress. 5 They would have improved the facilities, if they had received more moneyfrom the government.
They would have improved the facilities had they received more money fromthe government.
7 Complete the sentences about yourself usingthe inversion structure Had I + verb. 1 I would have enjoyed myself more had I had ahigher university entrance exam score for computer science.
2 Had I known about this football match, I would havemade different arrangements for the weekend.
3 I wouldn’t have worked so hard had I known the exam was so easy. 4 Had I received this college’s information earlier, I would havegone to a different college.
8 Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1 When was the last organizational vision statement you saw that includedthe words “„ to develop
ourselves into a model environment in which everyone at every level canthink for themselves”?
“„„在我们周围逐渐创建出一个模型环境，使各个层次的人都有独立思考的空间。”你最后一次看到包含上述字眼的机构愿景陈述是在什么时候,
2 Had she affirmed our intelligence first and spoken about the joy of thinkingfor ourselves, had she not fanned our fear of her, we would all have learnedeven more powerfully what it meant to do our own thinking. And we might havebeen able to think well around her too.
要是她一开始就肯定我们的聪明才智，给我们讲讲独立思考的乐趣，要是她没有激起我们对她的畏惧，我们大家就能更深切地体会到独立思考的意义。而且，我们在她面前也会更好地开动脑筋、思考问题。
3 Like everyone else, students have their fair share of problems. Gettingto know a new environment,
forming relationships with other students, and surviving on limitedfinancial resources are all typical
problems.
和其他人一样，学生们也有他们自己必须面对的问题。典型的问题包括熟悉新环境、与其他同学相处，以及靠有限的经济来源维持生活。
4 Talk to some of your friends after a lecture or a tutorial and you willprobably find they remember
which may be more or less relevant to theteacher’s different things about it –
aims.
下课后或个别指导后，如果你和朋友们聊一聊，你可能会发现他们所记住的东西不尽相同，但或多或少都与老师的教学目的相关。
5 Effective reading requires you to vary your rate and style of readingaccording both to the type of
reading material and your purpose in reading it.
有效的阅读需要你根据不同的阅读材料和阅读目的来调整阅读的速度和方式。 9 Translate thesentences into English.
1 老师很有可能不欣赏不会独立思考的学生。(not think muchof „; think for oneself) It is most likely that teachers won’t think much of students who cannotthink for themselves.
2 他上中学的时候，几乎没有什么人去做科学实验，更谈不上接受这方面的训练了。(hardly; much less)
When he was in high school, hardly anyone did scientific experiments, muchless had training in this
respect.
3 嫉妒是由懒惰和无知造成的。(the result of„)
Envy is the result of laziness and ignorance.
4 有些大学生是根据自己的专业来选择志愿服务的，而不是碰到什么就做什么。(volunteer job;rather than)
Rather than picking any volunteer job, some college students chooseactivities based on their majors.
5 最好的办法就是把学生分成若干小组，让他们针对具体的问题进行讨论。(break up „ into„; focus on)
The best approach is to break the students up into several groups so that theycan focus their discussion on specific problems.
Unit 4
Active reading 1
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Answer the questions about the words fortelephoning.
1 What do subscribers pay for?
Subscribers pay for line rental so that they will be able to make phonecalls. In other contexts, they may pay for newspapers, magazines or being amember of a club or professional association.
2 What part of the phone is the handset?
The handset is the part that you hold in your hand. 3 What can you do if you’re in range of a mobile signal?
If you’re in range of a mobile signal, you can make and receive calls. 4 What kind of phone is a house phone?
A house phone is a landline phone (a fixed phone for the whole house).
If you can use a mobile anywhere, where can you use a ? 5landline
You can use a landline only where there is a wire connection (thetelephone signals are carried by a line).
6 What has happened if you receive voicemail?
If you receive voicemail, it means that someone has left a spoken messagewhich has been recorded on your phone so that you can listen to it later.
5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to makeother changes.
1 The businessman uses his mobile in his free time, while he mostly useshis landline at work. (whereas)
2 The businessman and the working mother don’t consider their mobilephones to be a basic and
important part of their lives. (essential)
The businessman and the working mother don’t consider their mobile
phonesto be an essential.
3 When she didn’t have her mobile, she became confident and not afraid ofpeople. (bold)
4 Nothing usually gets in the way of my social life, but on this occasion,not having a mobile phone meant I spent three days alone. (interfereswith) 5 The passage describes the strong effect of mobile phones on their lives.(impact) 6 Soon the mobile signal will be increased to cover the whole of London. (extended) 6 Complete the paragraph with the correctform of the words in the box. Information technology in general and mobile phones in particular havebeen important in bringing
about an (1) utter change to our lifestyles. But the problem with mobile phones is that theycan (2) distract you from doing your job. The businessman gives his mobile phone number to(3) practically everyone he knows. Without his mobile, he isn’t necessarily able to do thingsimpulsively. He (4) speculates that he could give up his mobile, but life would be rather (5) tedious and dull withoutit. The schoolgirl has to make social arrangements on thelandline at home in order to avoid having a (6) solitary life for a few days. At firstthe working mother thinks it’s (7) risky not to have amobile phone, as her family might be in danger. Herfirst (8) impulse is to worry that they couldn’t contact her, although they think she’smaking a (9) fuss about not having a mobile. Finally she feels it
is like (10) therapy when no one interruptsher.
Active reading 2
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Match the words in the box with theirdefinitions.
1 the distance from one side of an object to the other (breadth)
2 a hit or knock to a part of your body (bump) 3 slightly nervous, worried, or upset about something (uneasy) 4 strange and unusual, sometimes in a way that upsets you (weird)
5 thinking seriously about something (thoughtful)
a feeling that you do not understand something or cannot decide what todo 6
(confusion)
7 the attitude of someone who is willing to accept someone else’s beliefs,way of life etc without
criticizing them even if they disagree with them (tolerance)
8 the ability to notice things (awareness)
9 to include something as a necessary part of an activity, event or situation(involve)
5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box. When you meet people from other cultures, there will be many (1) timeswhen someone behaves in a way which you (2) notice as being unusual, but whichis (3) acceptable in their culture. If it (4) attracts
your (5) attention, it’s all right to (6) ask about cultural differences,because people are (7) usually happy to (8) reply. But don’t worry if you areunsure about what to do or what to say. Just remember that finding out aboutcultural differences should give you pleasure and not (9) unhappiness anddiscomfort. Key: (1) occasions (2) perceive (3) conventional (4) arouses
(5) curiosity (6) inquire (7) generally (8) respond (9) miser y
Language in use
it + passive voice
1 Rewrite the sentences using it + passivevoice.
1 Russell Crowe couldn’t get a call out to Australia. Someone said this. It was said that Russell Crowe couldn’t get a call out to Australia.
2 Mobile phones have been the biggest factor of change in everyday behaviourin Britain over the past 15 years. Someone has claimed this. It has been claimed that mobile phones have been the biggest factor of changein everyday behaviour in Britain over the past 15 years.
3 When told “Have a nice day!”, an Englishman replied “I’m sorry, I’vemade other arrangements.”
Someone reported this.
It was reported that when told “Have a nice day!”, an Englishman replied“I’m sorry, I’ve made other arrangements.”
4 You don’t need to say “Thank you” in Spanish as much as you do inEnglish. Someone has suggested this.
It has been suggested that you don’t need to say “Thank you” in Spanish asmuch as you do in English.
5 Disneyland is a typically American place. Someone thinks this. It is thought that Disneyland is a typically American place. 6 Good communication is as stimulating as black coffee. Someone hasbelieved this. It has been believed that good communication is as stimulating as blackcoffee. over
2 Complete the sentences about yourself usingover .
1 I’ve owned a mobile phone over the last three years or so.
Over the winter I’ve called my parents every week. 2
3 Over the summer my best friends and I wenttravelling to South China. 4 Over the last semester my social life has been very limited:I think I need a better study-life balance.
5 Over the last year the number of people from different culturesI’ve met is quite extraordinary, compared to the few I met in middle school.
6 Over the last two weeks my favourite expression in English has been “Go on, youcan do it!”
emphatic structures with what
3 Rewrite the sentences using the emphaticstructure with what . 1 Life can be
solitary without a mobile phone. I rediscovered this. What I rediscovered was that life can be solitary without a mobile phone. 2 My mobile phone is an essential, not a luxury. I think this. What I think is that my mobile phone is an essential, not a luxury. 3 The people who needed to, got hold of me. I found this.
What I found was that the people who needed to, got hold of me. 4 People kiss each other four times. This happens in Paris.
What happens in Paris is that people kiss each other four times. 5 By not saying “Thank you” so often, he was perceived to be rude. Hedidn’t understand this.
What he didn’t understand was that by not saying “Thank you” so often, hewas perceived to be rude.
4 Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1 Mobile phones have been the biggest factor of change in everyday behaviourin Britain over the past 15 years. Today it is thought that there are more than55 million mobile phone subscribers, a rise from less than 10 million in 1997. 在过去的15年里，手机已成为改变英国人日常行为方式的最主要的因素。据估计，目前英国手机用户已超过5,500万，而在1997年还不足1,000万。
2 Now it has been announced that the signal range throughout London
willbe extended,
nowhere in London will be beyond the reach of a mobile phone, noteven the Underground.现在有消息说，伦敦的手机信号覆盖范围将拓展延伸。以后，在伦敦的每一个角落都有手机信号，就连地铁也不例外。
3 This subject of research aroused my interest and took me the length andbreadth of France.
这个研究话题激起了我的兴趣，为此，我走遍了法国各地。
4 These episodes and incidents all involve a cultural bump, somethingwhich you notice usually with
curiosity, usually with pleasure, occasionally with shock orembarrassment. 这些插曲、事件都包含着文化碰撞，使你感到好奇、愉悦，但偶尔也会让你感到震惊或尴尬。 5 But it’s not a matter of knowing all the conventions and rituals indifferent cultures. It’s impossible
to collect all the information you might need to be relaxed in the manydifferent cultures around
the world.
但是这不等于说我们需要悉数掌握不同文化的风俗习惯和礼仪。丰富的知识能使你自如地应对世界各国不同的文化，但是你不可能掌握全部必备的知识。
5 Translate the sentences into English.
1 据估计，目前中国4亿手机用户中，有大约一半人的隐私受到了威胁。(it is estimatedthat „; privacy)
It is estimated that today, the privacy of half of the 0.4 billion mobilephone subscribers is in danger.
2 人们在购买生活必需品上的花费越少，他们安排的诸如旅游等娱乐活动就越多。(the less „ the more„)
The less people spend on daily necessities, the more arrangements they willmake for leisure activities, such as travelling.
3 对我来说，旅游最大的好处就是可以去不同的地方，了解不同文化背景下人们的生活方式以及传统习俗。(What Iespecially like about „ is „)
What I especially like about travelling is that I can go to differentplaces and learn about particular
lifestyles, conventions and customs in different cultures. 4 在大多数情况下，文
化碰撞激起的是人们对不同文化的好奇心，只有在极少数情况下，文化碰撞会造成尴尬。(culture bump;on rare occasions)
In most cases, cultural bumps arouse people’s curiosity about different cultures.Only on rare occasions can they cause embarrassment. 5 你可以保留自主选择的权利，但作为一个成年人，你做事不要冲动。(reserve theright to; act on impulse)
You can reserve the right to make your own choices, but as an adult, youshould not act on impulse.
Key to Unit 5
Active readi ng 1
Dealing withunfamiliar words
5 Match thewords in the box with their definitions.
1 to say something very quietly (whisper)
2 to say something suddenly and loudly (exclaim)
3 to cry because you feel strong emotion (weep)
4 to cry noisily, taking short breaths (sob)
5 to promise to do something (pledge)
6 to say that you did not do something (deny)
7 to stop someone from doing something, likespeaking (interrupt) 8 to start something again, like speaking (resume)
9 to breathe out slowly, especially becauseyou are sad (sigh) 10 to say the opposite of what someone hassaid is true (contradict) Now check (?) the reporting verbs which give mostinformation about emotions. exclaim, weep, sob, pledge, sigh,contradict
6 Replace the underlinedwords with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 He was resting with his knees on the groundbeside her when he asked her to marry him. (kneeling)
2 It was traditional to ask for the father’spermission to marry the daughter. (consent)
3 Her feelings towards him became differentas she got to know him better. (altered) 4 He continued with his argument, even thoughshe didn’t agree with him. (pursued) 5 Her refusal to admit what had happened madehim get angry.
(denial) 6 He came home in a terrible mood and threwhis bag onto the floor. (temper; flung) Unit 5 All you need islove
132
7 Answer thequestions about the words and expressions.
1 When you rock a baby, do you move it backwards and forwards (a) gently, or (b) violently?
2 If you are having a doze, are you (a) asleep, or (b) working?
3 If someone’s behaviour is shameful, should they (a) be proud of what they havedone, or (b) feel very
sorry about what they have done?
4 If you aren’t worried about anythsave ing, your own concerns, does this mean (a) youdon’t have to be
worried, or (b) you’reonly worried about your own business? 5 If you do something sulkily, will people notice that you are in (a) agood mood, or (b) a bad mood?
6 Is a look which turns off someone’s bad temper likely to be (a) gentle, or (b) angry?
7 If you come to thepoint, do you (a) come to the end of something, or(b) say what is important?
8 If something is no business ofyours, should you (a) be interested in it, or (b) not be interested in it?
If something someone, does it make people respect them (a) less, or (b) 9degrades
more?
10 Does “Whatgoodisitdoing something?”mean (a) “Why doit?”, or (b) “Is it a good thing to do?”
ActiveRead ing 2
Dealing withunfamiliar words
4 Match thewords in the box with their definitions.
1 a strong feeling of sadness (grief)
2 a round shape or curve (loop)
3 an image that you see when you look in amirror (reflection)
4 to let something fall off as part of anatural process (shed) 5 a smooth and beautiful way of moving (grace)
6 attractive (cute)
7 continuing to support someone or be theirfriend (faithful) 8 to cover something by putting somethingsuch as paper or cloth around it (wrap) 9 not bright (dim)
5 Complete thesentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. 1 I’ve been faithful to my husband all my life.
2 I’d like to give this as a present. Couldyou wrap it for me insilver paper, please? 3 The public expression of grief after the death of the princess lasted forseveral days.
4 She dances with such grace! I think she could become a professionaldancer. 5 I can’t see very well in here. The light’srather dim.
6 When I saw my reflection in the mirror this morning I got a shock. 6 Answer
thequestions about the words.
1 Does a bill refer to (a) a bird’s mouth, or (b) arequest for money in the poem? 2 Is satin (a) a soft delicate material, or (b) a hard rough material? 3 If something is wobbling, is it (a) not moving, or (b) moving unsteadily? 4 Does platinum refer to (a) a colour like silver, or (b) a colour like gold? 5 Is something that is lethal (a) very friendly, or (b) extremely dangerous? 6 If a cloth has been embroidered, is it likely to be (a)multi-coloured, or (b) uncolored?
Language in use
whatever,whoever etc
1 Rewrite thesentences with the word in brackets.
1 I don’t know who wrote this poem, but hewas very romantic. (whoever) Whoever wrote this poem was very romantic.
2 Heathcliff may be anywhere, but he isn’t inthe house. (wherever) Wherever Heathcliff may be, he isn’t in thehouse.
I don’t know what to say, because shedoesn’t listen to me any more. (whatever) 3
Whatever I say, she doesn’t listen to meanymore.
4 Every time I told him a secret, he told hisfriends. (whenever) Whenever I told him a secret, he told hisfriends.
5 Anything may happen, but I will always befaithful. (whatever) Whatever happens, I will always befaithful.
6 I don’t know who sent me this parcel, butthey know I like chocolates. (whoever) Whoever sent me this parcel knows I likechocolates. 7 I’m not exactly sure what I’m eating, butit’s very nice. (whatever) Whatever I’m eating, it’s very nice.
8 You may end up anywhere in the world, but Iwill never forget you. (wherever) Wherever you end up in the world, I willnever forget you. presentparticiples
Rewrite thesentences. 2
1 Since I felt concerned, I asked her tophone me the next day. I, feeling concerned, asked her to phone methe next day. 2 When Judith fell asleep she was clinging toher teddy bear. Judith fell asleep, clinging to her teddybear.
3 Sarah dried her eyes and tried to smile.
Sarah, drying her eyes, tried to smile.
4 He took out the card and said, “Thisvalentine’s for me.”
“This valentine’s for me,” he said, takingout the card. 5 I was waiting for the train when I readthat poem. I waited for the train, reading that poem.
6 Since I didn’t have much money with me, Icouldn’t pay for the meal. I, not having much money with me, couldn’tpay for the meal. no more „ than
3 Look at thesentence and answer the question.
I’ve no morebusiness to marry Edgar Linton than I have to be in heaven. 我不该嫁给埃德加? 林顿，就像我不该去天堂一样。
Cathy means that (c) .
(a) if she marries Edgar Linton she will feelas if she’s in heaven (b) she won’t go to heaven if she marriedEdgar Linton
(c) she doesn’t want to marry Edgar Lintonand doesn’t feel she should be in heaven 4 Rewrite thesentences using no more „ than .
1 I have no reason to get married, and I’vegot no reason to change my job.
I have no more reason to get married than(I have) to change my job. 2 She’s got no reason to feel unhappy, and noreason to celebrate.
She’s got no more reason to feel unhappythan (she has) to celebrate. 3 There’s no point in waiting here, and nopoint in calling a taxi. There’s no more point in waiting here than(there is) in calling a taxi. 4 We have no interest in starting this task,or in finishing the first one. We have no more interest in starting thistask than (we have) in finishing the first one.
5 I’ve got no business to advise her abouther private life, nor should she advise me about mine.
I’ve got no more business to advise herabout her private life than she has to advise me about mine.
6 I have no wish to start a new relationship,or to write another book. I have no more wish to start a newrelationship than (I have) to write another book. 6 Translate thesentences into Chinese.
1 Her lips were half asunder as if she meantto speak; and she drew a deep breath, but it escaped in a sigh, instead of asentence.
她半张着嘴，似乎想说什么;她深深地吸了一口气，可随之而来的却是一声无语的叹息。 2 I’ve no more business to marry Edgar Lintonthan I have to be in heaven.
我不该嫁给埃德加?林顿，就像我不该去天堂一样。
3 Whatever our souls are made of, his andmine are the same, and Linton’s is as different as a moonbeam from lightning,or frost from fire.
不管我们俩的灵魂是什么做成的，我们的灵魂都是一样的，而林顿与我们的差异犹如月光之于闪电，寒霜之于烈火。
4 I kissed with my eyes closed and opened them on herwrinkles. 我闭上眼睛亲吻，睁开时见她已满脸皱纹。
5 I give you an onion.
Its fierce kiss will stay on your lips,
possessive and faithful
as we are,
for as long as we are.
我送给你一棵葱头。
它那凶猛的亲吻会留在你的嘴唇上，
霸道独占而忠心耿耿
像我们一样，
只要我们活着。
7 Translate thesentences into English.
1 那位身穿红衬衫的人突然收起假笑，露出他的本来面目。(turn off; false smile; true colours)
Suddenly the man in the red shirt turnedoff his false smile and showed his true colours.
2 妻子声称丈夫很懒，不愿做家务，丈夫对此予以坚决否认。(flatly; contradict) The husband flatly contradicted his wife’sclaim that he was too lazy to do the
housework.
3 经理已经做出保证，在他的任期结束之前，他不会离任。(pledge one’s word; leave office; term)
The manager pledged his word that he wouldnot leave the office until the last day of his term.
4 他没有意识到，对她美貌的迷恋使他对她的缺点视而不见。v.(blind) He didn’t realize that his fascination forher beauty had blinded him to her faults. 5 当得知警察终于在树林里找到她的孩子时，这位年轻的太太流下了眼泪。(shed) On hearing that the police had finallyfound her child in the woods, the young lady shed tears .
Unit 6
Active reading 1
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Match the words in the box with their definition s.
1 equal to something else in quality or importance (comparable) 2 having no money and unable to pay what is owed (bankrupt)
3 a strong feeling of wanting to have or to do something, especially something that is bad for you
(temptation)
4 a short journey that you take for pleasure (excursion)
5 someone or something that is different in some way from other people or
things and so cannot be
included in a general statement (exception)
6 the process of becoming fit and healthy again after an illness or injury (recovery) 5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 When you buy clothes, there are often two labels, one which shows the price and the other, the make and other information.
2 When researchers claim something a fact, it’s because it’s true. 3 Someone who is fashion-conscious likes to wear clothes which are very up-to-date. 4 To do something with ease means doing it without any difficulties. 5 Something which is the norm is usual or expected.
6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other chang es.
1 When the three main symptoms of shopaholism are put together, it becomes an addiction. (combined)
2 A rough guess at the amount of what Victoria Beckham spends on clothes every year is ?100,000. (estimation)
3 You may have a false impression of freedom when you’re a shopaholic.
(illusion)
You may have an illusion of freedom when you’re a shopaholic.
4 Most people today consider it normal being in debt. (accept)
7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.
1 If you smilebroad ly, is your smile (a) very happy and wide, or (b) very small and quick?
2 Is likely to be (a) a pleasant, or (b) an unpleasant feeling? buzz
3 Is a mall (a) a department store, or (b) a large building with a lot of shops and restaurants?
4 If you’re addicted to something, is it likely to be (a) good for you, or (b)
bad for you?
5 Is a mail order catalogue (a) a magazine for women, or (b) a magazine with photographs of things you can buy by mail?
6 If you take it one day at a time, do you do something (a) step by step, or (b)
in one go?
7 If you look for all the world like someone else, is it likely that you look (a) a little bit, or (b) exactly like them?
Active reading 2
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 very interesting (fascinating)
the ability to continue doing something difficult or unpleasant (endurance) 2
3 to take hold of something roughly (grab)
4 an individual thing (item)
5 the feeling of being very interested in something or excited by it (enthusiasm) 6 a strong belief or opinion about something (conviction)
7 the word “yes” or a sign that you agree with something (affirmative) 8 the proof that something you believed is definitely true (confirmation) 5
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 I think you’re a very good chap to go shopping with your girlfriend. 2 When a woman finds something which suits her, she’s not simply a woman, she becomes a princess.
3 It’s important not to provoke your boyfriend by spending too long at the shops. 4 Your boyfriend will not cooperate with you if you spend all day shopping and buy nothing.
5 For some women, the sheer excitement of a day’s shopping is almost too much to bear.
6 The football commentator screamed wildly when Italy scored. 7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. Many women like to wear clothes which are (1) popul at a partiarcular time. The problem is their boyfriends (2) don’t often enjoy shopping. So before you leave home, it’s important to have specific (3) plansabout what you hope to achieve. While you’re shopping, it’s (4) essen to get your boyfrtialiend to show he’s (5) approving when you choose something new. You can visit as many (6) shops as you like,
as long as you buy something. When you get back you should (7) show your kindness
by allowing him to (8) drop into a comfortable chair, drink beer and watch television. But if it isn’t your (9) plan to spend money but only to window-shop, maybe you shouldn’t take your boyfriend along.
Key: (1) fashionable (2) rarely (3) objectives (4) crucial
(5) favourable (6) retail outlets (7) demonstrate (8) collapse (9) intention Language in use
1 Complete the sentences so they’re true for you.
There’s nothing comparable to ...
1 the sound of fresh cool water from a fountain at the end of a hot day. 2 the taste of really fresh seafood straight off the fishing boats, cooked and eaten with my mother’s special sauce.
3 the smell of pine trees on a mountain in the early morning mist after the spring rain.
4 the sight of the front door of my home when I get back home after I being away for most of the year.
5 the feeling of nostalgia when we all look through an old photo album. if /
when
2 Rewrite the sentences using if / when .
1 I see something I like. I buy it.
If / When I see something I like, I buy it.
2 Someone loves shopping so much. It’s not good.
It’s not good if / when someone loves shopping so much.
3 You go shopping. You make a list of what you need. If / When you go shopping, make a list of what you need. 4 You don’t have time to go to the mall. There are many other ways to shop till you drop.
If / When you don’t have time to go to the mall, there are many other ways to shop till you drop.
5 We come home with absolutely nothing. We still feel as if we’ve had an exciting day.
If / When we come home with absolutely nothing, we still feel as if we’ve had an exciting day.
6 You can’t go shopping with a friend. You go with your boyfriend. If / When you can’t go shopping with a friend, go with your boyfriend. word formation
4 Form new words with the following words and the suffixes in the table. alcohol – alcoholism addict – addiction affect – affection / affecting amuse – amusing attend – attendance attract – attraction
combine – combination comfort – comfortable enjoy – enjoyable excite – exciting / excitable except – exception / excepting intend – intention tempt – temptation / tempting
5 Answer the questions with the words you formed in Activity 4.
What’s the word for:
1 a strong need or wish to spend as much time as possible doing a particular activity? (addiction)
2 what something is if it is interesting and full of action especially when you don’t know what’s going to happen next? (exciting)
3 a plan in your mind to do something? (intention)
4 what something is if it is funny or entertaining? (amusing)
someone or something that is different in some way from other people or things? 5
(exception)
6 something that makes you feel you would have it or do it? (temptation) 6 Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1 There’s nothing comparable to the feeling of power and importance I get when I go shopping.
购物时，那种地位显赫、身价不凡的感觉真是无与伦比。
2 Psychologists see shopaholism as an addiction which can benefit from treatment. The symptoms include behaviour which is adapted to avoid reality, a loss of control, an illusion of freedom, or a combination of all three.
心理学家认为，购物痴迷症是购物成瘾，通过治疗可以得到缓解。它的症状包括逃避现实、行为失控、幻想自由或三者兼而有之。
3 Linda, Kate and Carina are not exceptions. They’re like many women all over the world, all with stories which have a happy beginning but end in despair.
And like all addicts on the road to recovery, they take it one day at a time. 琳达、凯特和卡里纳并不是特例，像世界各地的许多女人一样，她们的故事有一个幸福的开端，却在绝望中结束。像所有的上瘾者一样，购物成瘾的人需要有足够的耐心才能走完康复之路。
4 There are no time limits, there aren’t even any specific objectives, we can just spend the whole day wandering around, trying things on and chatting about nothing in particular.
没有时间的限制，甚至没有特定的目标。我们可以花一整天的时间逛来逛去，试穿、闲聊。 5 But if he agrees to cooperate, the big advantage in shopping with your boyfriend is that he shows you more affection than usual, and will even want to hold your hand. It’s because he knows no one can shop single-handed.
要是你的男朋友答应陪你逛商场，跟他一起购物是大有好处的:他会向你表露更多的爱意，甚至想
牵着你的手，因为他知道，谁也不能一个人逛商场。
7 Translate the sentences into English.
1 一定要先确认把邮票贴牢了，再把信投入信箱。(attach)
Make sure the stamp is firmly attached to the letter before you drop it into
the mailbox.
2 很多青少年痴迷网络游戏，这会对他们的身心健康造成损害。(be addicted to) Many youngsters are addicted to net games, which can damage their physical and mental health.
3 她坐在桌子旁边读报，看上去好像什么事也没发生过。(for all the world)
She sat at the table reading the newspaper, looking for all the world as if nothing had happened.
4 我本打算去购物中心购物以缓解压力，但后来我改主意了。我决定好好睡一觉。(change one’s mind)
I had intended to reduce stress by shopping in the mall, but I changed my mind. I decided to have a good sleep instead.
5 议会否决了总统提出的最新经济提案，因为它引起了广泛的批评。(reject; put forward; provoke)
The Congress has rejected the latest economic proposal put forward by the President because it provoked widespread criticism.
Unit 7
Active reading 1
4 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make
other changes.
1 She threw the beans into a pan of boiling water. (tossed)
2 I could hear the cheerful sounds of church bells through the window. (tones) 3 My uncle worked in a factory which produced steel. (mill) 4 He piled up the glinting silver coins so the bank clerk could count them. (stacked; cashier)
5 My grandfather gave an important sum of money to my college savings. (significant; fund)
My grandfather gave a significant sum of money to my college fund. 6 My dad’s hard work and motivation and love described our relationship. (determination; defined)
5 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.
1 If someone sees to something, do they (a) take, or (b) refuse to take responsibility for it?
2 If you do something with perseverance, do you (a) keep trying with determination, or (b) do it
because you’ve been told to?
3 If you do something doggedly, do you do it (a) even if it’s difficult, or (b) only when it’s easy?
4 If you get laid off from your job, does it mean (a) you get a better job, or (b) you lose your job?
5 If you want to make something palatable, do you want to make it (a) more quickly, or (b) taste better?
6 Is a gamut of emotions likely to be (a) a single emotion, or (b) a series of emotions? 7 If something holds someone back, is it likely to (a) stop them from doing something, or (b) help them to do something?
8 If someone speakeloqus ently, do they (a) use only a few words, or (b) say something in a beautiful way?
9 If someone lectures you on something, do they (a) talk to you seriously to criticize you, or (b) give you
a talk about a serious subject?
Active reading 2
Reading and understanding
3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.
1 Serena is (c)_____________ .
(a) the same age as Venus (b) a little older than Venus
c) younger than Venus (d) a lot older than Venus (
2 Whatever she does, Serena wants to__________ (a) .
(a) do her best (b) do better than Venus
(c) please her parents (d) earn money
3 Serena was encouraged to do well by__________ (d) . (a) her father (b) her mother
(c) the whole family (d) both her parents
4 When they were growing up, the Williams sisters_____________ (b) . (a) didn’t have any money
(b) had to work hard for their success
(c) earned a lot of money from their jobs
(Although this is true now, it was not true when they were growing up and didn’t have jobs.)
(d) didn’t need to worry about money
Serena says they weren’t rich or poor, and they had to earn money for themselves.) (
5 Venus is different from Serena because she (d) .
(a) is quieter (b) has a stronger sense of humour
(c) is more private (d) says what she thinks
6 The two sisters (c) .
(a) don’t get on with each other
(b) are exactly like each other
(c) get on with each other almost all the time
(Yes, they work well together; they have always been close and hardly squabble at all.)
(d) look after each other
(They both say that Venus protects Serena, not vice versa.)
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 She is a person who wants to do things perfectly. (perfectionist) 2 Venus and Serena’s talent is something they are born with, but they have also
worked very hard to be successful. (innate)
3 He injured his row of bones down the middle of his back when he fell. (spine) 4 My brother is older than me, and when we were at school, he felt very determined to look after me so I wouldn’t be harmed. (protective)
5 She is really friendly and likes meeting people, but I prefer to do things on
my own. (outgoing)
6 Grandparents may sometimes allow their grandchildren everything they want and make
them selfish if they’re not careful. (spoil)
Grandparents may sometimes spoil their grandchildren if they’re not careful. 7 The weather can affect your feeling of being happy or unhappy. (mood) 8 She was a famous Hollywood person who everyone admires. (legend) She was a Hollywood legend.
5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. 1 In their schoolwork and their tennis, the Williams sisters have tried to achieve
perfection.
2 You need to be innately talented to play tennis at the most competitive level. 3 Venus isn’t as outgoing as Serena.
4 As the older sister, Venus likes to protect Serena from getting hurt. 5 As the younger sister, Serena could have been spoiled by Venus, and allowed to have or do everything she wanted.
6 Serena understands what kind of mood her sister is in even before she says anything. 7 The specialist doctor treats people with back and spine injuries. 8 Pete Sampras was a legend / legendary tennis player in the 1990s. 6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.
1 If you get yourself together, do you (a) find something you need, or (b) make yourself calm and
organized before doing something?
2 Is go without likely to mean (a) you don’t have things you need, or (b) you have
you need? everything
3 If something comes your way, (a) are you given it by someone because you need it, or (b) do you get it by chance?
4 Is what with used to (a) give a number of reasons for a situation, or (b) describe more than one situation?
5 If you have a squabble with someone, do you (a) have a small argument, or (b) share a joke?
6 If you have distractions, do you (a) concentrate on what you are doing, or (b) stop thinking carefully about what you are doing?
Language in use
as / when
1 Look at the sentences from the passage The pickle jar and answer the questions. When the jar was filled, Dad would sit at the kitchen table and roll the coins ... „ as we drove to the bank, Dad would look at me hopefully.
Which actions are happening „
(a) at the same time?
Dad was driving the car and at the same time was looking at his son. (b) one after the other?
Dad rolled the coins after the jar had been filled.
2 Complete the sentences using as / when .
1 When he got ready for bed, Dad would empty his pockets and toss his coins into the jar.
2 As they rattled around with a brief, happy jingle, we grinned at each other. 3 When we get home, we’ll start filling the jar again.
4 A lump rose in my throat as I stared at the spot beside the dresser where the jar had always stood.
5 When I married, I told my wife Susan about the significant part the lowly pickle jar had played in my
life as a boy.
6 „ As Dad looked across the table at me, pouring catsup over my beans to make them more palatable, he became more determined than ever to make a way out for me.
7 When Susan came back into the living room, there was a strange mist in her eyes. like
3 Match the sentences with the the uses of like . 1 (c) eg She was crying like a baby.
2 (a) eg No one could play the trumpet like he did.
3 (b) eg He sounded like he’d only just woken up.
4 (b)
5 (a)
emphasis
4 Rewrite the sentences using the words and expressions in brackets.
1 You need to be a perfectionist to succeed. (definitely)
You definitely need to be a perfectionist to succeed.
2 My parents’ role in our success was important. (really „ that „) My parents’ role in our success really was that important.
3 Every parent wants the best for you. (All your parents want „)
All your parents want is the best for you.
4 I love my father’s sense of humour. (One of the things „)
One of the things I love about my father is his sense of humour. 5 You have to work hard to succeed – that’s all. (All you have to do „) All you have to do to succeed is to work hard.
5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1 As a small boy I was always fascinated at the sounds the coins made as they were dropped into the jar. They landed with a merry jingle when the jar was almost empty. Then the tones gradually muted to a dull thud as the jar was filled. 小时候，我对那些硬币落在坛子里发出的声响总是很着迷。当坛子几乎还是空着的时候，硬币落进
去时发出的是欢快的叮当声。等到坛子快要装满的时候，叮当声便渐渐变成了沉闷的砰砰声。
2 My dad was a man of few words, and never lectured me on the values of determination, perseverance, and faith. The pickle jar had taught me all these virtues far more eloquently than the most flowery of words could have done. 爸爸是一个沉默寡言的人，从来没有对我讲过决心、毅力和信仰等价值观的重要性。但是这个泡菜
坛却教给了我这些美德，它的说服力远远胜过华丽的词藻。
3 To my amazement, there, as if it had never been removed, stood the old pickle jar, the bottom already covered with coins.
令我感到惊讶的是，那儿放着那个旧泡菜坛，坛底已经铺满了硬币，就好像它从来不曾被拿走过。
4 And I’m thankful for that because, even though we’re still relatively young, I can already see how it’s been an important building block in both our characters. 我对此心存感激，因为虽然我们还年轻，可我已经认识到，这对塑造我们的性格起了很大的作用。
5 What with playing tennis together and sharing bedrooms until I was 15, Serena and I have always been close.
在15岁以前，我都是和塞雷娜一起打球，还和她睡在同一间卧室里，所以我们一直亲密无间。
7 Translate the sentences into English.
1 你只要将这张桌子搬到另一间办公室就行，其他的事由我来负责。(see to) You just move the desk to another office, and I’ll see to the rest. 2 有些美国人认为，对隐私和个人资料的保护妨碍了对恐怖主义和有组织犯罪的打击。(hold back)
Some Americans believe that the protection of privacy and personal data holds back the fight against terrorism and organized crime.
3 这位著名的科学家将在北京大学发表有关全球气候变化与公共政策的演讲。(lecture on; global
climate change)
This well-known scientist will lecture at Peking University on global climate change and public policy.
4 鲍勃需要控制自己，不能再贪玩和浪费机会了。(get oneself together) Bob needs to get himself together and stop messing around and wasting his opportunity.
5 当约翰踩到香蕉皮滑倒的时候，那几个搞恶作剧的男孩放声大笑。(fall over; mischievous; laugh one’s head off)
As John slipped on the banana skin and fell over, those mischievous boys laughed their heads off.
Unit 8
Active reading 1
Dealing with unfamiliar words
5 Match the words with their definitions.
1 the ability to form a picture, story, or idea in your mind (imagination) 2 to make a firm decision to do something (resolve)
3 all the things that are present in a place and that form the experience of being there (surroundings)
4 wanting to do something, or wanting other people to do something (keen) 5 a natural ability to know what to do in a particular situation (instinct) 6 within the recent past (lately)
7 used for emphasizing that something is small or unimportant (mere) 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.
1 George imagined that in Provence he would be surrounded by glamour and beauty. 2 He instinctively felt attracted to Provence.
3 He was keen on travel literature.
4 He made sure he had plenty of time to spare when he got to the station because he didn’t want to be late for his train.
5 The journey to Provence would merely take six hours by train.
He made a firm resolution in the future to stay at home. 6
7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make
other changes.
1 My parents are quite aged and they can’t travel as much as they used to. (elderly) 2 When we only had 20 minutes to change flights, we were gloomy about our bags arriving with us at our destination. (pessimistic)
3 He was distrustful about the good intentions of strangers, so he rarely talked to anyone on train journeys.(cynical)
4 On a long journey, I like to look through a magazine and look out of the window. (browse)
5 Making olive oil and soap are among the many traditional handmade products in Provence. (crafts)
6 Because of security checks, it has become more and more tiresome to travel by plane. increasingly) (
7 As soon as he arrived in Marseille, he went straight to his hotel. (directly / direct)
8 The sudden awareness that travel can be uncomfortable made him turn round and go back home. (realization)
9 It’s such an irritation that you need a visa to enter the US. (nuisance) It’s such a nuisance that you need a visa to enter the US.
Active reading 2
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 Spa treatment in Druskininkai is good for many problems with elbows and knees. (joints)
2 The road was in very poor condition, with a line of potholes one after the other. (series)
The road was in very poor condition, with a series of potholes.
3 When the guests left, they did everything in the opposite order, from noisy goodbyes to driving away. (reverse)
4 The reputation of Druskininkai, Baden Baden, Vichy and Bath is because of their spas. (fame)
5 The two groups who had been booked to play were competitors. (rivals) 6 Neither group wanted to give way and let the other group take its place. (yield) 7
A small number of people caused an incident in which a large number of people left. (sparked)
8 The small room at the side of the stage was filled with the people who had wanted to leave. (stuffed)
5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 When you work for the Diplomatic Service, you work in an embassy. 2 If the door is locked, but you want to make the person inside hear, you can use your fist to make a
banging noise.
3 It’s the law to come to a halt when you’re driving and you see a red traffic light.
4 When you leave, you need to say farewell.
5 If a number of people disagree with the government, there’s a risk of revolt. 6 Folk dancing can involve a lot of vigorous physical exercises. 7 There are street lights at regular intervals along the highway. 8 Don’t eat those berries, they are deadly.
Language in use
no sooner „ than
1 Rewrite the sentences using no sooner „ than .
1 As soon as he got dressed, he went to a travel agency.
No sooner had he got dressed than he went to a travel agency.
2 As soon as he finished his meal, he began to realize how tiring his journey would be.
No sooner had he finished his meal than he began to realize how tiring his journey would be.
3 As soon as he realized the nuisance of travelling abroad, he paid his bill and went home.
No sooner had he realized the nuisance of travelling abroad than he paid his bill and went home.
4 As soon as we got in our rooms, we decided to rest.
No sooner had we got in our rooms than we decided to rest.
5 As soon as one group finished singing, the other group started dancing. No sooner had one group finished singing than the other group started dancing. 6 As soon as people realized how long the concert was going to be, they began to leave.
No sooner had people realized how long the concert was going to be than they began to leave.
despite / in spite of
2 Rewrite the sentences using despite / in spite of.
1 London reminded George of her past beauty. But it had become rather tiresome. Despite / In spite of her past beauty, London had become rather tiresome to George. 2 It had an instinct not to trust strangers. But it was a place which attracted the rich and the artistic.
Despite / In spite of its instinct not to trust strangers, it was a place which attracted the rich and the
artistic.
3 He had a vision of unimaginable glamour. But he became keen to see Provence for himself.
Despite / In spite of his vision of unimaginable glamour, he became keen to see Provence for himself.
4 He bought a ticket and booked a seat. But he decided it would be simpler to stay in London.
Despite / In spite of having bought a ticket and booked a seat, he decided it would be simpler to stay in London.
5 The man seemed surprised to see us. But he gave us rooms.
Despite / In spite of his surprise to see us, the man gave us rooms. comparative structures
3 Rewrite the sentences using x times as + adj. / adv. + as . 1 The Himalayas are twice higher than the Alps.
The Himalayas are twice as high as the Alps.
2 Provence was ten times more beautiful than he had thought.
Provence was ten times as beautiful as he had thought.
3 The journey was three times longer than he wanted.
The journey was three times as long as he wanted.
4 Their speeches took six times longer than my lecture.
Their speeches were six times as long as my lecture.
The cupboard by the stage was ten times more crowded than the conference hall. 5
The cupboard by the stage was ten times as crowded as the conference hall. 4 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.
1 Forty of her colleagues gathered for her farewell party.
2 They demanded more vigorous action to reduce the amount of traffic. 3 My friend’s a tireless traveller with a keen eye for finding the cheapest fares. 4 Don’t ask me; follow / trust your instinct and do what you think is right. 5 Leonardo di Caprio rose to fame in the film Titanic.
6 Surely it is time to call a halt to all vehicles on the pavement. 5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1 For George, the city was like an over-familiar elderly lady, who in the right
light, reminded him of her past beauty, but who had lately become rather tiresome. 对乔治来说，伦敦这座城市就像一个他熟悉得不能再熟悉的老太太，她年事已高，只有从适当的角
度看，才能让他想起她昔日的美貌，可最近却让人厌倦了。
2 Despite his cynical and pessimistic nature, he especially enjoyed the classic works of travel writing,
so that from the deep warmth of his armchair, he could travel in his mind to the farthest reaches of
the world.
尽管生性愤世嫉俗、悲观厌世，但他却特别喜爱阅读经典游记。这样，即便是舒舒服服地坐在温暖
的扶手椅上，他也可以神游到天涯海角。
3 George was suddenly struck by the realization that as a stranger, he would never experience the
warmth and colours of his mind. Perhaps the Provence of Pagnol, like elsewhere in the world, might
be the reality.
乔治突然意识到，作为一个陌生人，他永远也不可能体验到他想象中的融融暖意和缤纷色彩。也
许，帕尼奥尔笔下的普罗旺斯才是真实的，就像世界上其他地方一样。
4 But unfortunately, not one but two song-and-dance groups had been booked, not only rivals but deadly enemies, and neither wanted to yield to the other. 可不幸的是，他们请的歌舞团不是一家而是两家，这两家歌舞团不仅仅是竞争对手，而且是死对
头，谁也不服输。
5 A hundred or more people were squashed into a large cupboard, everyone too embarrassed to correct their mistake by leaving, everyone laughing as quietly as they could.
大约有100多人挤在一个大橱柜里，每个人都觉得要是纠正错误、离开这个地方就未免太尴尬了。每
个人都尽力压低声音不笑出声来。
6 Translate the sentences into English.
1 他抑制不住自己的好奇心，决心立刻出发，去看看真实的普罗旺斯是什么样子。(contain one’s
curiosity; resolve; set off)
He couldn’t contain his curiosity, so he resolved to set off immediately to see what Provence was really like.
2 随着截止日期的临近，他花更多的时间搜寻线索，以确保结论与事实相符。(be matched by) As the deadline approaches, he is spending more time searching for clues, making sure that the
conclusion is matched by the fact.
3 他们大约每隔两天就争吵一次，整整持续了半年多，谁也不肯认输。(at „ intervals; yield to)
Their quarrels continued at approximately two-day intervals for more than half a year, and neither
wanted to yield to the other.
4 我们刚躺下，旅店的大门就被撞开了，一群士兵冲了进来。(no sooner „ than „) No sooner had we gone to bed than the door of the hotel burst open and a
group of soldiers rushed in.
5 由于突然下起了大雨，他们在路上花的时间比预计多了一倍。(due to; intend to) Due to the unexpected heavy rain, the time they spent on the road was twice as long as they had
intended to.
Unit Nine
Active reading 1
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 not very important in comparison with people or things of the same type (minor) 2 relating to feelings and the way they affect your life (emotional)
something that you want to achieve (aspiration) 3
4 harmful or bad (negative)
5 a feeling of being extremely unhappy (depression)
6 used before a statement that is connected to what you have just said and adds
something to it
(furthermore)
7 to continue to do something in a determined way (persist)
8 existing or considered separately from other people or things (individual) 5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. A I don’t usually feel (1) negative about myself, but I’ve been suffering from (2) depression lately because my life doesn’t seem to be going anywhere. B Well, I’d say you need some new goals and (3) aspirations. Change your job, get a new girlfriend, and
(4) furthermore, you need to get more exercise. Have you been ill recently?
) minor health problems, but nothing important. It’s more my (6) A Only a few (5
emotional state that I am worried about.
B You know, everyone has their own (7) individual way of dealing with
problems. But if your problems
(8) persist, then you might need some professional help.
6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 Our physical and (1) mental well-being are closely linked. A number of minor (2) health problems, such as loss of sleep, may be (3) directly related to stress. These problems can become serious if people do not (4) willingly admit their importance. Research shows that our levels of protein, which we need for (5) staying alive, can change if we suffer from stress, and lead to (6) very dangerous diseases such as cancer.
2 So perhaps we need to think less about the (7) wonderful future we dream for ourselves, and our
(8) professional life, and start having a more (9) practical attitude towards our life.
Key: (1) psychological (2) disorders (3) specifically (4) readily (5) survival (6) killer (7) glorious (8) career (9) realistic
7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.
1 If there’s no point in doing something, (a) is there no reason to do it, or (b)
are there lots of reasons to do it?
2 Is a damn fool (a) an optimist, or (b) an idiot?
3 Does up to a point mean (a) partly, or (b) completely?
4 Is an unattainable goal one you (a) cannot achieve, or (b) don’t want to achieve?
5 If you bombard someone with messages, do you send (a) lots of messages, or (b) only a few messages?
6 Does never-say-die spirit refer to (a) growing old cheerfully, or (b) refusing to accept defeat?
7 Does in the long term mean (a) at some time in the future, or (b) during the school year?
8 If you do you find it (a) takes a long time, have a hard time doing something,
or (b) is difficult?
9 If you grow out of something, do you (a) start enjoying it, or (b) no longer
want it?
Active Reading 2
Dealing with unfamiliar words
5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 the part in the middle of your arm, where it bends (elbow)
2 a disease or other medical condition caused by bacteria or a virus (infection) 3 a long confident step (stride)
4 the pink or red colour that your skin has when you are healthy (glow) 5 the exact size, degree, strength etc of something, usually expressed in numbers of standard units
(measurement)
the period of time when someone is alive (lifetime) 6
7 the flat bottom part of your foot (sole)
8 the process of giving all your attention to something (concentration) 9
causing severe damage or harm (destructive)
10 the existence of differences in amount, number, level, form etc (variation) 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5. 1 These high-heeled shoes hurt the soles of my feet.
2 It’s easy to lose your concentration if you’re very tired.
3 I’ve been playing too much tennis. I’ve hurt my shoulder and elbows. 4 You can increase your resistance to infections, such as colds and flu, by taking regular exercise.
5 Modern lifestyles may have a destructive effect on people’s health. 6 We should make sure we have enough variation in our exercise routine to stop us from getting bored.
7 He started the walk with a rapid stride, and returned home with a healthy glow on his face.
8 Why not use a pedometer to take measurements of how far you have walked? 9 We should all try to make daily exercise a lifetime habit.
7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. Regular walking is a habit which if it can be (1) kept, is very healthy. It is suitable
for old and young
people alike, and you don’t need to buy a lot of special (2) equipment – just a good pair of shoes. A
number of scientific studies have shown that walking provides one of the most (3)
successful ways of
(4) improving the body’s ability to fight disease. Walking is good exercise for your (5) arms and legs and helps your body to be more (6) protected against illness. But it is not just your physical health which will benefit. Regular walking can help make you more (7) able to think clearly, and it can also help to (8) make stress
after a busy day. To make the experience more (9) enjoyable and less unpleasant
interesting, experts suggest you record how many steps you take each day. Key: (1) maintained (2) gear (3) efficient (4) enhancing
(5) limbs (6) immune (7) alert (8) relieve (9) motivating
Reading and interpreting
8 Answer the questions.
1 Where might you see the passage?
(a) In an athlete’s training guide.
(b) In a school textbook.
(c) In a general interest book on health.
(d) In a medical magazine.
2 What do you think the writer’s aim is?
(a) To give people advice.
(No, some advice is included, but this doesn’t seem to be the main purpose.) b) To share his or her own experiences. (
(c) To persuade people of the benefits of walking.
(Yes, this is why the second section is so long compared to the other sections.)
(d) To give scientific information about walking.
(No, there is some information about walking, but not enough for us to say that this
is the main
purpose.)
Language in use
word formation: the prefix re -
1 Look at the sentences from the passage Quitters are winners, Bulldogs are losers , and answer the question.
„ they’re forced to stop and reassess their lives.
Maybe we should rewrite the maxim.
What does the prefirex - before a verb indicate?
(a) Doing something again.
(b) Doing something completely.
(c) Doing the opposite of something.
2 Answer the questions using re - and the verbs in brackets.
1 What is it a good idea to do if you don’t understand a passage? (read) It’s a good idea to reread it.
2 What do some people do if they fail an exam? (take) They retake the exam.
3 What should you do if your first opinion about something is not very wise?
(consider)
You should reconsider it.
4 What is the first thing to do if a computer crashes? (boot) The first thing to do is to reboot it.
Unit 9 Body and mind
260
5 If you don’t succeed the first time you try to get a job, what can you do later? apply) (
You can reapply.
6 What should you do if your season ticket for the sports club runs out? (new) You should renew it.
7 What may people decide to do if their house is destroyed in an earthquake? (build) They may decide to rebuild their house.
8 What should a doctor do with a patient who’s very worried? (assure) The doctor should reassure the patient.
before / during / after which
3 Look at the sentences from the passages and answer the question.
„ Bulldogs suffered much more from long periods of stress, during which they had
r level of a a highe
particular protein „
We can maintain our enthusiasm for weeks or months, and promise to keep going, after
wewhich
sometimes break the routine „
What does which refer to in each sentence?
In the first sentence, which refers to “long periods of stress”.
In the second sentence, which refers to “weeks or months”.
4 Rewrite the sentences using before which , during which or after which . 1 I thought about the problem for a long time. Then I decided how I was going to solve it.
I thought about the problem for a long time, after which I decided how I was going to solve it.
2 She went jogging for an hour. While she was jogging a lot of thoughts went through her mind.
She went jogging for an hour, during which a lot of thoughts went through
her mind. 3 Frank was admitted to hospital at the end of June. Before this happened, he had a lot of tests.
Frank was admitted to hospital at the end of June, before which he had a lot of tests. 4 I suggest you take a week off work. You can use this period to relax and spend time with your family.
I suggest you take a week off work, during which you can relax and spend time with your family.
5 Marzia spent a month on a low-fat diet. By the end of the month, she felt healthier. Marzia spent a month on a low-fat diet, after which she felt healthier. 6 I’d like you to read this report carefully. Then we will discuss it. I’d like you to read this report carefully, after which we will discuss it.
7 Shane spent three months in that boring job. He was depressed for the whole time. Shane spent three months in that boring job, during which he was depressed. 8 My brother has been working as an educational psychologist for seven years. Before that, he trained as a teacher.
My brother has been working as an educational psychologist for seven years, before which he trained as a teacher.
commit oneself to doing something
5 Look at the sentence from the passage Walk your way to health .
But you must commit yourself to walking regularly.
Now check (?) the sentences which have the same structure.
1 They forced themselves to work harder.
2 We pride ourselves on giving our customers satisfaction.
3 The nurse devoted herself to saving patients’ lives.
4 He enjoyed himself working out in the gym for a couple of hours. 5 We limited ourselves to doing an hour’s exercise every morning. 6 Mother Teresa dedicated herself to helping other people.
7 I’ve got used to going to bed and getting up one hour earlier than usual. 6 Rewrite the sentences using the structure commit oneself to doing something . 1 I said I would work harder this month.
I committed myself to working harder this month.
They gave their word that they would provide financial help. 2
They committed themselves to providing financial help.
3 The government should make up its mind to support this project. The government should commit itself to supporting this project. 4 We have promised to provide the money for the new hospital.
We have committed ourselves to providing the money for the new hospital. 7 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.
1 How does your university maintain contact / links / relations with former students? 2 His promising / brilliant career as a young diplomat was interrupted when he became seriously ill.
3 Bird flu didn’t turn out to be the killer disease the international community had feared.
4 I’m not exaggerating. I think we all have a realistic chance of passing this exam. 5 Although not seriously injured, he had to undergo minor surgery as a result of the accident.
6 I think you are suffering from a psychological problem rather than an actual physical illness.
7 You never know when an emergency can happen. It’s important to be on the alert. 8 He’s been in that job for too long. I think it’s time for him to make a career move.
8 Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1 This never-say-die spirit is best represented by the 19th-century maxim, “If you don’t succeed, try, try again.”
19 世纪的格言“如果你第一次没成功，就再试一次吧”充分体现了这种永不言败的精神。 2 They found that people who readily jumped back into life had a greater sense of purpose and were less likely to think about the past.
他们发现那些迅速重返生活的人拥有更强的目标感，不太可能去想过去的事情。 3 For young people, it’s part of creating an individual identity in the world. 对年轻人来说，这是在世上确立个人身份时必做的一件事。
4 The impact of weight on your limbs and joints will strengthen them against bone disease, and although this happens more with older people, it’s never too late to build up bone density.
体重对四肢和关节的压力将增强它们抵御骨科疾病的能力。虽然这种疾病多发生在老年人身上，但
是任何时候增强骨密度都为时不晚。
5 Scientists estimate that walking as little as 30 minutes a day will help the immune system and give
greater protection against ill health.
科学家们估计每天至少步行30 分钟能改善免疫系统，并更好地保护身体免受疾病的侵害。 9 Translate the sentences into English.
1 在灾难面前，人们不惜一切代价挽救生命。(in the face of; at any cost) In the face of a disaster, people save lives at any cost.
in 2 他认为在整个项目开始之初就对计划进行调整没有意义。(there’s no point
doing „; adjust)
He believed that there was no point in adjusting the plan at the beginning of the whole project.
3 学生们正在集中精力复习功课，突然之间这座城市发生地震了。(concentrate; all of a sudden)
The students were concentrating on reviewing lessons when, all of a sudden,
an earthquake struck the city.
4 他答应坚持锻炼身体，但是我们都清楚，他迟早是要放弃的。(keep on; a matter of) He promises to keep on taking exercise, but we all know it’s just a matter of time before he gives up.
5 他以专心从事慈善事业而闻名。(distinguish oneself; commit onese) lf to doingHe distinguishes himself by committing himself to doing charity work.
新标准大学英语 综合教程 课后练习答案 Book1 Unit10
Unit 10
Language in use
however + adj.
1 Rewrite the sentences using however + adj.
1 It isn’t enough for people to be motivated. They need the support of the government.
People need the support of the government, however motivated they are. 2 We need to spread the environmental message. It may take us a long time. We
need to spread the environmental message, however long it may take. 3 You may be very careful, but you’ll probably still make mistakes. You’ll probably still make mistakes, however careful you may be. 4 It doesn’t matter how quiet the music is. I still can’t concentrate on my work. I still can’t concentrate on my work, however quiet the music is. 5 The solution to the problem may be easy. We still need to tell everyone about it. However easy the solution to the problem may be, we still need to tell everyone about it.
6 It doesn’t matter how famous she is. She still has to behave in a responsible way.
She still has to behave in a responsible way, however famous she is. 7 The project may be very expensive. We have no choice but to continue. We have no choice but to continue, however expensive the project may be. 8 The battle to save the environment is hard. But I think we will win it in the end. I think we will win the battle to save the environment in the end, however hard it is.
otherwise
3 Rewrite the sentences using otherwise .
1 It’s important to switch off the light when you go out of the room. If you don’t, you waste energy and money.
It’s important to switch off the light when you go out of the room. Otherwise, you waste energy and money.
2 There are thousands of exotic plants in the Eden Project. Without the project, you wouldn’t be able to see them anywhere in Britain.
There are thousands of exotic plants in the Eden Project. Otherwise, you wouldn’t be able to see them anywhere in Britain.
3 Some major rock stars took part in the concert and accepted no payment. In different circumstances they would have asked for a lot of money.
Some major rock stars took part in the concert and accepted no payment. They would have asked for a lot of money otherwise.
4 Some people say that these resources will run out by 2050. This report suggests a different date.
Some people say that these resources will run out by 2050. This report suggests otherwise.
5 I thought we could walk to the biome. If not, we can take the electric bus. I thought we could walk to the biome. Otherwise, we can take the electric bus. 6 Some countries have signed this latest agreement, but our government has
decided differently.
Some countries have signed this latest agreement, but our government has decided otherwise.
6 Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1 The actions that people are asked to take are so small as to seem meaningless, and many people simply lose hope, or are becoming increasingly cynical.
要求人们做的事情都很微小，因此常常显得毫无意义。很多人干脆就不抱希望了，或变得越来越愤世嫉俗。
2 Even the use of celebrities may not always bring the advantages their fame would otherwise ensure.
换在别的场合，名人的声望总是能带来好处，而在环保宣传活动中就算是利用名人效应也未必能达到目的。
3 “Think local, act global” seems to be the message. “本土思考，全球行动”也许说的就是这个意思。
4 Without plants we would not have oxygen, or much of the clothing, food,
or medicines that we take for granted.
没有植物，我们就没有氧气，也没有我们认为理所应得的大量的衣物、食物或药品。
5 We were complete amateurs, out of our depth and fuelled only by the belief that the “can do” culture of Heligan would somehow find a way through.
我们是纯粹的业余爱好者，做着力所不及的事情。只有一个
信念支撑着我们继续做下去，那就是赫利根花园的“做得到”文化无论如何总能为我们找到一条出路。
7 Translate the sentences into English.
1 人们担心温室效应给环境带来的巨大威胁。(fearful; pose) People are fearful of the huge threat posed by the greenhouse effect on the environment.
2 在大城市里生活一段时间后，他发现自己已经很难再适应乡村生活了。(be conditioned to)
After living in a big city for a while, he found that it was hard for
him to become conditioned to rural life again.
3 他渐渐意识到没有人能够对这件事做出一个令人信服的解释。(dawn on sb; come up with)
It gradually dawned on him that no one would come up with a
convincing explanation of this incident.
4 人们想当然地认为苦干有助于成功。(take for granted; contribute to)
It is taken for granted that hard work contributes to success. 5 他总是找理由逃避集体活动。(walk away from; collective) He is finding excuses to walk away from collective activities. Active reading 1
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 a disagreement, especially about a public policy or a moral issue (controversy) 2 a situation that could cause harm or danger (threat)
3 impossible to avoid or prevent (inevitable)
4 to spend money on something in order to improve it or make it more successful (invest)
5 to say what you think is wrong or bad about something (criticize) 6 to make sure that something happens (ensure)
7 smaller or less important than other things of the same kind (small-scale) 8 difficult to do, deal with or understand, especially because of involving a lot of different processes or aspects (complicated)
9 to create a difficult or dangerous situation (pose)
5 Complete the interview with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. A Today there’s a lot of (1) controversy about environmental issues. Some people believe that, unless we take action now, global disaster is (2) inevitable. But others (3) criticize this point of view. They say that the temperature of the earth is always changing, and we can do nothing about it. What do you think? B Well, it’s a (4) complicated problem, and there’s no easy solution. I think the (5) threat which global warming (6) poses is very real, and we should (7) ensure that we do everything we can to slow down the process.
A So how can we make people aware of the problem?
B I believe environmental awareness begins at home. I think we should (8) invest money and resources in (9) small-scale projects, not huge global businesses. 6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in
the box. People can take actions by doing things alone or doing things (1) all together, which seems a much better idea. Faced with problems, such as (2) widespread hunger and climate change, it’s easy to become pessimistic and (3) worried about the future. But maybe giving up (4) short-distance plane trips, switching to solar (5) equipment or energy-saving (6) electric lights can really make a difference. Governments should make sure that in forests and on (7) large farms where crops are grown, they use methods of growing trees and food which are (8) capable of continuing for a long time. After all, every day the (9) same size or value of 25 million trees are used in toilet paper.
Key: (1) collectively (2) famine (3) fearful (4) short-haul
(5) panels (6) bulbs (7) plantations (8) sustainable (9) equivalent 7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.
1 If a product is environmentally friendly, does it (a) damage, or (b) not damage the environment?
2 If you stay on side, do you (a) change your mind, or (b) keep the same opinion as before?
3 If one thing brings into question something else, does it make the second thing (a) less certain, or (b) impossible?
4 Is a one-size-fits-all solution likely to make (a) everybody, or (b) nobody happy? 5 If you are sceptical about something, do you (a) believe it is true, or (b) have doubts about it?
6 When you offset something, do you (a) balance the effect it has so there is no advantage or disadvantage, or (b) remove it completely so it cannot cause harm?
Active reading 2
Dealing with unfamiliar words
3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 a line of bushes or small trees growing close together (hedge) 2 produced by living things (organic)
3 the process by which the surface of land is gradually damaged by water, wind etc (erosion)
4 new, interesting and different from anything else (original)
5 able to produce good crops or plants (fertile)
6 a very large hole dug in the ground in order to obtain a particular substance (pit) 7 to grow well and be healthy (flourish)
8 an organization to which you give money so that it can give money and help to people who are poor or
ill, or who need advice and support (charity)
9 real rather than pretended or false (genuine)
4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 They only had a small farm, but they cultivated a wide range of fruits and vegetables.
2 People expect the planet to be always there, but we should not take the environment for granted.
3 A miracle is an example of something amazing or even something you think could never happen.
4 Rainwater causes flooding when there is nowhere for the water to drain. 5 The Eden Project has been an economic success because it has helped local businesses.
6 I prefer going to an indoor swimming pool because it’s often too cold to swim outside.
7 When they have finished restoring the old garden, it will look really beautiful. 8 The success of the Eden Project reinforces a positive environmental message. 9 If you have the inspiration, you can achieve anything.
5 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.
1 If the hedges are buzzing with life, do you think there are (a) lots of animals, or (b) only a few in the hedges?
2 If an idea dawns on you, does it (a) begin to take shape, or (b) disappear? 3 If you feel out of your depth, do you feel (a) able to deal with the situation you are in, or (b) unable to deal with it?
4 Is a “can do” culture one in which people feel (a) confident and ready to try to do something, or (b) lacking in confidence and not willing to try to do things? 5 If the rest of the story is history, do people (a) know about it, or (b) not know about it?
6 If something is out of your league, is it (a) less than you need, or (b) too much for you to manage?
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