人教版英语八年级下册Unit4 名师教材解读

Unit4 名师教材解读

1.0 Textbook Analysis教材解读

本单元以“人际交往(Interpersonal communication)”为话题，围绕中小学生所面临的各种压力和困境，学会询问、陈述自己或他人的困难和麻烦；并学会针对别人的困境，巩固情态动词could，should的使用以及学会使用新句型Why don’t you...？提出解决的办法和建议，并且能够在句子中正确使用连接词until，so that，although。Section A在内容上侧重呈现学生常见的各种抱怨和烦恼，把握一些与烦恼抱怨有关的表达用语，例如get into a fight with sb.，have a fight with sb.，be angry with sb.，a big deal等。语法上巩固复习前面单元中学过的两个语法要点：What’s the matter? What’s wrong? 和情态动词could，should来征求或提供建议。学习使用Why don’t you ...?句型结构来表达建议和学习使用连词until，so that，although。情感态度方面，3a-3c部分阅读文章贴近学生生活，引导学生反思与家长等之间存在的矛盾和沟通问题，高度的关注青少年的心理健康和情感教育。Section B在话题上，进一步深入了Section A的内容，从讨论如何减轻压力入手，并且通过学习，对东西方家长对待子女教育的态度和做法进行了比较，通过该部分学习，让学生学会换位思考，帮助他们逐步建立正确、积极的生活态度和价值观。在语言上，巩固前面所学描述困难，表达建议的内容，输入新的词汇和短语。在技能上，Section B的2c部分，根据阅读长文章，培养学生根据上下文猜测词义的能力。在教学策略上，引导学生在理解文章的基础上，能够进行归纳表述以及自主的发表自己的观点和建议。在情感上，教会学生遇到问题要主动地去和家人、朋友或者亲近的人沟通交流。如果自己身边的人遇到问题，能够主动地提供帮助。要学会放松，学会缓解压力。

1.1 Section A 1a 活动1a是Lead-in部分。通过带有强烈感情的短语（too much， not…any…, too many…，don’t allow… ），使用多种句式呈现学生日常学习和生活中的常见烦恼和抱怨。本部分内容贴近学生实际，能引起学生强烈的情感共鸣，从而激发学习兴趣和动机，在知识学习层面也做到了从已知到新知。

1.2 Section A 1b-1c 活动1b-1c是Listening and speaking部分。1b是单元话题的呈现，目标语言“What should I do? Why don’t you …, you should…, you could…”在本部分通过听的方式开始输入。1c 是对目标语言的半控制性输出，通过语言支架，输出简单的目标语言。可根据学生实际做出适当的调整。

1.3 Section A 2a-2c 活动2a-2c是Listening and Speaking部分。活动2a和2b是听力训练部分，以学生平时生活中的人际交往烦恼为话题。2a主要训练学生对情态动词should， could的辨音能力，输入建议的表达方式。2b谈论不喜欢某种建议或劝告的理由，提高了对话的真实性，更接近学生生活实际，在本听力过程中训练学生有目的地听的听力技能，继续输入提建议句型的表达法。2c是口语输出部分，通过角色扮演，让学生在情境中使用语言。

1.4 Section A 2d 活动2d是Speaking部分。活动2d是Dave和Kim两人之间的一段对话，内容是Kim的妹妹未经他许可私自乱翻他的东西，让他很生气。Dave 提出他可以通过让妹妹道歉，或是直接原谅妹妹的方式来调整自己的不良情绪。继续输入，内化，和输出目标语言(征求和给予建议的表达)。并引发学生思考：如何在生活中调整自己的不良情绪，保持健康愉悦的心情？

1.5 Grammar 部分的内容是对本单元重点知识点的总结，训练和巩固运用。包含4个内容：1.复习巩固询问困难和意外问题的句型：What’s the matter? / What’s wrong? 及其同义句型。2.复习巩固情态动词should, could 用来征求和提出建议的用法。3. Why don’t you…? /Why not…? 提出建议的用法。4. 连词 until, although, so that 的用法。4a-4c以控制性练习-半开放性练习-开放性练习的设置形式，符合学生的认知实际，为教师和学生提供了创造的空间。

1.6 Section A 3a-3c 活动3a-3b是Reading部分。这是关于一个名叫Sad and Thirteen的中学生给杂志社编辑Robert Hunt写的一封信，并就他在家里面遇到的烦恼和问题向Robert Hunt求助的事情。在信件里这名同学谈到了父母的争吵和他哥哥对他不够友好，因此他觉得孤独。信件中所

谈到的话题都是学生在自己的日常生活中十分常见的，十分符合学生的生活实际和年龄阶段。因此本课不仅可以教会学生许多语言层面的知识，更重要的是可以引导学生就他们在日常生活中所遇到的困惑进行倾诉交流，以此达到情感教育的作用。在语言方面，文章的句子极富感染力，尤其是When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home.一句，采用比喻的方式把父母争吵带给作者本人的感受直观地展现在读者面前。可以通过佳句仿写的形式，让学生体会英语语言的美感。在情感教育方面，引导学生要善于和家人沟通去主动解决问题。活动3b通过讨论或者辩论的形式就Mr. Hunt提出的建议发表学生们自己的看法，这一活动有利于学生申辩性思维的发展。活动3c, 结合文章的内容，让学生去找同义词或者同义短语，并且在此基础上进行造句。这一活动丰富和扩展了学生的语言表达能力。

1.7 Section B 活动1a-1b是Leading-in and warming-up部分。活动1a继续深化、拓展本单元话题，从生活中的人际交往，学业压力等各个方面谈论如何减压，如何树立正确，积极的生活态度，建立健康的人生观和世界观。1a-1b围绕谈论你最喜欢的减压手段展开，这是8年级学生生活中必定会或多或少使用的，可以适当增加原因，让学生对之有更多话可谈。

1.8 Section B 1c-1d 活动1c-1d是Listening 部分。活动1c-1d是一个任务链的听力设计，以WeiMing和Alice 之间的对话，谈论如何通过跟父母沟通，跟同学之间合作学习来降低学业压力，保持健康、积极的生活态度。本话题尤其贴近初二阶段学生的生活实际，更具讨论的价值和意义。对学生形成积极的价值观，人生观，世界观有重要作用。

1.9 Section B 1e是口语输出部分，要求学生在熟悉听力材料的基础上，运用本单元的目标用语，创造性的提出自己的建议和给出此建议的理由。本部分可以和学生生活实际联系，谈论他们在生活中的困惑，压力和缓解压力的手段。是进行语言使用巩固，积极人生观、世界观、价值观培养的不可缺少的有机部分。

1.10 Section B 2a-2e 活动2a-2e是第四单元Section B的阅读课。本单元的话题是人际交往，要求能询问、陈述自己和他人的困难与麻烦，并针对别人的困境提出解决办法和建议。Section B部分进一步拓宽了话题，不仅探讨了如何通过各种活动减轻压力，还描述了中西方家长对子女教育的态度和做法 。本课时是以“参加课外辅导班”为话题的阅读材料。采用了任务链的活动形式设计，为学生提供了进一步语言输入和输出的机会，学生不仅学到了语言知识，而且还掌握了阅读策略，提升了认知水平。

1.11 Section B 3a-3b 活动3a-3b是Summarizing and writing部分。3a通过要求学生对课后补习的看法进行阐述来复习相关的词汇，句式。对此部分的处理，可以进行小组讨论，要求小组成员对表格中家长的观点表达自己的看法，同时让所有小组成员记录下每个组员的表达。在表达和记录的时候，使用到3b中列出的句式。这种表达并记录的方式，可以激活学生的思维，集结所学到的相关知识，为写作做好准备。

1.12 Self Check 活动1侧重考查学生是否正确理解并掌握了连接词until，so that，although的含义和用法。活动2巩固复习针对一些矛盾或问题给予建议。建议采用两人一组相互交流的形式，再选择几组学生汇报自己的建议。

1.0 Teaching Objectives 教学目标

2.1 Knowledge goals知识目标

2.1.1教会学生学会询问、陈述自己或他人的困难和麻烦；

2.1.2学会使用新句型Why don’t you...？提出解决的办法和建议；

2.1.3能够在句子中正确使用连接词until，so that，although。

2.2 Ability goals能力目标

2.2.1学会询问、陈述自己或他人的困难和麻烦；并针对别人的困境，使用情态动词could，should

以及Why don’t you...？句型提出解决的办法和建议;

2.2.2通过理解上下文，根据上下文掌握猜测词义的能力，提高阅读理解能力；

2.2.3 学会用英语表达自己的观点，学会正确使用相关词汇句型表达本单元话题作文。

2.3 Emotional goals情感目标

2.3.1引导学生遇到问题要主动地去和家人，朋友或者亲近的人沟通交流；

2.3.2引导学生在身边的人遇到问题的时候，能够主动提供力所能及的帮助；

2.3.3 教会学生学会自我放松，能够缓解压力的方法。

3.0 Teaching Contents教学内容

3.1 Words and Chunks 语块（单词及语块）

3.1.1 Important words:

3.1.1.1 For applying: allow, wrong, guess, deal, although, relation, communication, argue, cloud, elder, instead, whatever, nervous, offer, proper, secondly, explain, clear, copy, return, anymore, compete, member, pressure, opinion, skill, typical, football, cut out, continue, compare, crazy, push, development, cause, usual, perhaps

3.1.1.2 For comprehending: copy, return, anymore, competition, competitor,

3.1.2 Useful chunks:

3.1.2.1 For applying: allow sb.to do sth., get into a fight with, be angry with, work out,call sb.up, surprise sb., give sth.back, be good at, hang out with, have a fight with, wait that long, talk about, get on with, elder brother, refuse to do sth, instead, feel lonely and nervous, mind sb. doing sth., compare...with, spend time alone, spend...on, a lot of, free time activities, copy my homework, without asking, compete with, be unhappy with, compare…with, in one’s opinion

3.1.2.2 For comprehending: look through, big deal, appropriate advice, argue with sb., under pressure, get into a good university, do chores, save more money, study for exams, go to the party, turn down

3.1.3 Sentence Structures:

3.1.3.1 For applying:

1) What’s the matter? P25

2) What’s wrong? P25

3) My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends. P25

4) I got into a fight with my best friend? P25

5) Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening? P25

6) You should call him up. P26

7) I don’t want to talk about it on the phone. P26

8) What should I do? P26

9) But why don’t you forget about it so that you can be friends again? P26

10) Hope things work out. P26 11) I guess you could tell her to say sorry. P26 12) I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. P26

13) My problem is that I can’t get on with my family. P27

14) I don’t know if I should say anything to them about this. P27

15) When they argue, it’s just like a big, black cloud hanging over our home. P27

16) Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me. P27.

17) He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. P27

18) Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night. P27 19) It’s not easy being your age, and it’s normal to have these feelings. P27

20) If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. P27

21) Maybe you could do more jobs around the house so that they have more time for proper communication. P27

22) You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time. P27

23) My cousin borrows my things without returning them. P28

24) You should just be yourself. P28

25) You left your homework at home. P28

26) You are afraid of speaking in front of people. P28

27) Your best friend does not trust you anymore. P28

28) I have to compete with my classmates at school. P29

29) Life shouldn’t just be about grades. P29

30) Although you may be unhappy with your parents, you should talk to them. P29

31) Ask them why they give you so much pressure. P29

32) You should all be helping each other to improve. P29

33) Many of them are learning exam skills so that they can get into a good high school and later a good university. P30

34) However, the tired children don’t get home until after 7:00 p.m. P30

35) They have a quick dinner, and then it’s time for homework. P30

36) And they are comparing them with other children. P30

37) I don’t think that’s fair. P30

38) Why don’t they just let their kids be kids? P30

39) Although it’s normal to want successful children, it’s even more important to have happy children. P30

40) I don’t really agree with... because... P32

41) You should eat more now so that you won’t be hungry later. P32

42) Why don’t you wait for a few more days before talking to her? P32

3.1.3.2 For comprehending:

1) “After-school classes can help kids get into a good university.” P31

2) Although you may not like to do chores, you should help your parents around the house. P32

3) You could save more money so that you can buy a gift for your friend’s birthday. P32

4) Why don’t you just go to the party? P32 5) You could tell him to turn down the TV. P32

3.2 Grammar Focus 语法（语法及运用）

3.2.1 For applying:

“Why don’t you...” 句型给予建议。

1) Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening? P25

2) Why don’t you forget about it so that you can be friends again? P26

3) Why don’t you talk about these feelings with your family? P27

4) Why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother? P27

5) Why don’t they just let their kids be kids? P30

6) Why don’t you wait a few more days before talking to her? P32

7) Why don’t you just go to the party? P32

8) Why don’t you tell him to do something quiet when you’re studying? P32

正确使用连接词until，so that，although。

1) I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night. P25

2) You should talk to him so that you can say you’re sorry. P26

3) Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal. P26

4) Maybe you could do more jobs around the house so that they have more time for proper

communication. P27

4) He should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s sorry. P28

6) Although you may be unhappy with your parents, you should talk to them. P29

7) Many of them are learning exam skills so that they can get into a good high school and later a good university.P30

8) Others are practicing sports so that they can compete and win. P30

9) However, the tired children don’t get home until after 7:00 p.m. P30

10) Although it’s normal to want successful children, it’s even more important to have happy

children.P30

11) You should keep trying to talk to her until she talks to you.P32

3.2.2 For comprehending:

1) First, say if you agree or disagree. P32

2) You should study for the exams because they’re more important than a party. P32

3) My brother watches television while I’m trying to study.P32

3.3 Language Using 语用（话题及功能）

3.3.1 Topics:

3.3.1.1 How to talk about problems and give advice.

3.3.1.2 How to deal with stress.

3.3.1.3 Ways to get along well with parents.

3.3.2 Functions:

3.3.2.1 How to talk about problems and give advice.

1) A lot of students feel really tired because they have to study until midnight every day.

2) I found my parents looking through my things including my diary.

3) I had a fight with my best friend and our friendship seemed to be over.

4) My parents don’t allow me to hang out with friends on the weekend.

5) I can’t get on well with others and I don’t have any friend here.

6) Some students always feel lonely and nervous.

7) Students these days are always under great pressure and they don’t know how to deal with it correctly.

8) Mike sometimes copies others’ homework.

9) My brother often borrows things without returning them to me.

10) She took some of my books and magazines without telling me.

11) You can write a letter to him to say sorry.

12) You should go to his house and express your apology.

13) We should talk about the feelings with someone we trust.

3.3.2.2 Ways to get along well with parents.

1) You could sit down and have a talk with your parents.

2) Teenagers should communicate with their parents instead of having no conversation with them.

3) We should manage our feelings well to keep calm with our parents.

4) Students are supposed to be friendly and patient when parents talk to them.

5) If you are shy and you don’t want to talk with them face to face, you can write a letter to them and tell them the problems you are facing.

6) We can have more conversations with them, showing that we love them very much.

7) You must know that you and your parents should try to understand each other.

8) Find a way to express your true feelings to your parents.

9) Through spending more time with your family, you can be better with your parents.

10) You should know that your parents love you very much and you should try to avoid getting into a fight with them.

4.0 Textbook Integration教材整合

4.1 教材整合建议

根据本单元的特点和学生本身的知识与能力实际，建议将本单元教材内容做如下整合及安排。当然，也可以根据自己学生的实际情况再做整合与调整。

4.1.1 口语听力课 从话题内容和功能上分析，Section A 1a-2d, 4a-4c,Section B 1a-1d可以整合成两节 “Talk about the problems and pressure , give some advice ”的口语与听力课，通过Section A 1a,1b,1c,2a,2b,2c,2d的学习，引导学生思考如何通过与父母的有效沟通，合理安排自己的

课余学习课程？父母的一些做法会对未来产生怎样的影响？怎样合理选择有效的降压手段，让自己的情绪处于一个较为平和的状态。1a教师引导的自由讨论，搭建的话题支架，有利于学生较快接受新知的输入，有助于Section A 1b, 2a, 2b听力的理解，对于1c,2c的对话输出也有很好的铺垫作用。2d的学习有助于培养学生宽广的心胸，通过换位思考，解决生活中的困境，调节自己的情绪。Section B 1a, 1b，Section A4b, 4c可整合学习和操练，学生能够对有效的放松方式，调节过大压力的方法有一个了解和选择，为1c, 1d的听力讨论的相关话题进行了预热。而1e要求根据所听内容，用对话形式复现听力内容。把它和学生生活实际中的减压方式联系，启发学生思考讨论，实现知识的输入，内化与输出。

4.1.2 语言学习课 3a-3c是关于阅读的训练。这部分阅读所选取的主题是关于学生在日常学习生活中所遇到的困惑。主题贴近学生们的生活。这部分不仅复现和巩固了关于烦恼和建议的句型和相关词汇，还输入了更加丰富的词汇和相关表达。结合本单元教学内容中的重点词汇、语块、句型的理解、分析与运用，整合Section A 3a-3c的内容，构成一节语言学习课，以此来培养学生在具体语境中理解和应用词句的能力。3a-3b可以放在读中环节中处理，3c可以作为读后练习。

4.1.3 语法梳理课 从语法角度来看，本单元的语言结构是继续复习询问困难的句型：“What’s the matter? /what’s wrong?”等，复习使用“should do / shouldn’t do / could do /couldn’t do” 给予建议, 学习使用“Why don’t you do…? / Why not do…?”表达建议，学习使用连词“ until, although , so that”。语法部分讲解可以让学生自己总结归纳，教师给出合理的练习，让学生通过自主学习或是小组活动，实现语法的梳理。活动4a 是连词用法，练习量需根据学生实际有所增加，4b-4c可以和Section B进行有效的整合。作为学生谈论如何减压、困境中如何寻求帮助，如何关心他人讨论素材。

4.1.4 阅读训练课 2a-2e是Section B 部分的阅读教学部分。该部分介绍了中国父母和国外父母在对孩子课余活动安排及想法。通过本篇文章要训练学生通过上下文猜词的能力。从教材编排来考虑，可以将Section B 2a-2e进行有效整合，形成阅读教学的Pre-reading、While-reading、Post-reading

的任务活动链。可以将2a放合到Pre-reading环节， 完成读前准备和解读生词在上下文中的含义。2b、2c整合到While-reading环节，训练学生 Skimming、scanning、close reading以及summarizing的阅读技巧，培养学生把握整体结构，理解具体信息的阅读理解能力。2d, 2e是Post-reading的读后交流活动。

4.1.5 复习写作课 Section B 3a-3b以及Self Check可以整合为一节复习与写作课。首先对本

单元重点内容进行简单的复习，然后教师可以先对Self Check的2道题进行讲解，要 求学生完成后检查答案，以巩固熟悉有关内容和常用表达及句式，再根据3a和3b的 写作任务，完成本单元所涉及的英语书面表达，完成写做任务。

4.2 课时分配建议

课型1 Listening and Speaking

课型2 Language Learning

课型 3 Grammar Learning

课型4 Reading Comprehension

课型5 Reviewing and Writing