人教新目标英语八年级下册Unit4 --5基础知识

短语归纳

1. have free time有空闲时间 2.go to sleep去睡觉 3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛 4. after-school classes课外活动课 5. until midnight直到半夜 6.talk about谈论 7. get into a fight with sb.=have a fight with sb.=fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架 8. talk to sb. 与某人交谈 9.on the phone在电话中，通过电话交流 10.give back归还 11. work out成功地发展;解决 12.study too much学得过多 13. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠 14.feel lonely感到孤独 15. write sb. a letter给某人写信 16. call sb. up给某人打电话 17.sit down坐下

18.surprise sb. 令某人惊讶 19. look through翻看 20.be angry with sb. 生某人的气 21. a big deal重要的事 22.next time下次 23.turn down调小

24. too many太多(后接可数名词复数形式) 25. get on well with sb和某人和睦相处；关系良好 26. worry about sth.=be worried about sth 担心某事 27. copy one’s homework抄袭某人的作业 28.join after-school activities参加课外活动 29.communicate with sb.与某人交流 30.study for a test为考试而学习 31. hang over笼罩 32.be afraid of害怕… 33.in front of在…的前面 34. play sports做运动 35.watch movies看电影 36.so that以便 37. have lessons上课 38.do chores做家务

39. all the time一直，反复 40. in future今后 41. make sb. angry使某人生气 42. be oneself做自己 43.all kinds of各种各样的 44. spend time alone独自消磨时光 45. give sb. pressure给某人施压 46. cut out删除 47. cause stress造成压力 48. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 49. free time activities业余活动 50. in one’s opinion依…看来 51. give one’ s opinion提出某人的观点 52. learn exam skills学习应试技巧 53.on the one hand…，on the other hand…一方面…，另一方面…

句型归纳

1.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 例：He allowed me to go into the house.他允许我进入这间房子。 2.Why don’t you do sth?=Why not do sth?为什么不做某事

例：Why don’t you do some sports?=Why not do some sports?为什么不做些运动呢？

3.want to do sth想要做某事 例：I want to have a break.我想休息一下。

4.find sb doing sth发现某人在做某事 例：I found her watching TV when I got home.当我回家时发现她在看电视。 5.tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事 例：She told me to clean up the room.她告诉我打扫房间。 6.refuse to do sth拒绝做某事 例：He refused to stop it.他拒绝暂停它。

7.let sb do sth让某人做某事 例：Let us go to the movies.让我们一起去看电影吧。 8.offer to do sth主动提出做某事 例：She offers to help me.她主动帮助我。 9.mind sb doing sth介意某人做某事 例：I mind others smoking.我介意别人抽烟。

27

10.It’s time for sth该做某事了 例：It’s time for lunch.该吃午饭了。

11.It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth做某事是…的 例：It’s important for us to help others.对我们来说帮助别人很重要。 12.What do you think of…?=How do you like…?你认为…怎么样？

例：What do you think of the book?=How do you like the book?你认为这本书怎么样？

13.keep on doing sth继续做某事 例：He keeps on doing sports.他继续做运动。

14.explain sth to sb向某人解释某物 例Could you explain the meaning of the word?你能解释下这个单词的意思吗？ 15.be successful in doing sth成功做某事 例：He was successful in finding a job.他成功地找到一份工作。 16.be always doing sth总是(一直)做某事 例：The little gir is always crying.这个小女孩总是哭。 17.be crazy about对…着迷，热衷于…

例：My brother is so crazy about basketball that he plays it every afternoon.

我哥哥如此热衷于篮球，以至于他每天下午都打篮球。

语法归纳

1、My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends.我父母不允许我和朋友们一起出去闲逛。 1)allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事

2)allow sth允许某事 例：I don’t think she would allow it.我想她不会允许这件事的。 3)allow doing sth允许做某事 例：We don’t allow smoking in our house.在我们家不允许抽烟。 4)be allowed to do sth被允许做某事

例：Passengers are not allowed to smoke in the bus.在公交车上，乘客不允许抽烟。

2、What’s wrong?怎么了？

1)wrong形容词，意为“有毛病；错误的”，反义词为right(正确的)。

例：Your answer is wrong, but hers is right.你的答案是错误的，但她的答案是正确的。 2)What’s wrong?是口语中常用的一个矩形，其主要用法有：

①用于询问某人有什么问题或有什么不顺心的事，意为“怎么了？/出什么事了？/哪儿不舒服？” 例：- What’s wrong,Tom? 汤姆，怎么了？

- I left my bag on the bus. 我把包忘在公交车上了。 ②用于询问某物出了什么毛病，意为“怎么了？/出什么毛病了？” 例：What’s wrong with your bike?你的自行车怎么了？ 3、I’m not good at writing letters.我不擅长写信。 be good at=do well in 擅长；在…(方面)做得好

【辨析】be good at, be good for, be good to与be good with be good at be good for “擅长；在…(方面)做得好”，后面接表示事物的名词、Xu Beihong was good at drawing 代词或动词ing形式 “对…有益”，后面接表示人或物的名词或代词 horses.徐悲鸿擅长画马。 Drinking more water is good for you.多喝水对你有好处。

28

be good to be good with “对…好(和善)”，后面接人或人格化的名词或代词 “善于应付…”，后面常接表示人的名词或代词 She is very good to her neighbors.她对她的邻居很和善。 He is very good with the children.他管理孩子很有一套。 4、Well, I guess you could tell her to say sorry.哦，我想你可以要她道歉。

1)guess本意为“猜，猜测”。 I guess…这一结构与I think…类似，表达“我想…”，用于陈述自己的观点、看法及建议。

例: I guess (that) he is right.我想他是正确的。 I don’t guess (that) he is right.我认为他不对。

2)say sorry (to sb.)表示“(向某人)道歉”之意。类似这样的口语表达还有： say hello/hi to…向…问候，问候… say thanks to…向…致谢，感谢… say goodbye to...向…道别

5、When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home.当他们争吵的时候，我就感觉有一团乌云笼罩在我们家的上空。

1)argue此处作不及物动词，意为“争吵，争论”。

①argue with sb.与某人争论 例: The boy argued with his mom. 那个男孩与他的妈妈争论了起来。 ②argue about sth就某事争论

③argue with sb. about sth.为某事与某人争论 例：The boy argued with his mom about his homework. 2)cloud此处作可数名词，意为“云，云朵”。其形容词形式为cloudy，意为“多云的，阴天的”。 例：Look at the black clouds in the sky. It’s going to rain. 看天上的乌云，要下雨了。 6、Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me.还有，我哥哥对我也不是很好。

elder形容词，意为“年长的”，是old的一种比较级形式，主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系。 例：His elder sister is at school.他姐姐在上学。 【辨析】elder与older elder 年长的 年龄较大的 older 较旧的 只可指人 指人 指物 用来比较年龄大小，尤指兄弟姐妹的长幼关系，只能用于名词前，作定语。 在句中可作定语，也可作表语。 例：My elder sister is three years older than I. 我姐姐比我大三岁。

7、If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help.如果你的父母遇到问题，你应该主动提供帮助。 1)offer意为“主动提出；提供”。

offer to do sth主动提出做某事 offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物

例：The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus.=The young man offered his own seat to the

old man on the bus.那个年轻人在公共汽车上讲自己的座位让给了那位老人。

29

2)【辨析】offer与provide offer “主动提出，自愿给予”，常用于 offer sb sth=offer sth to sb结构 provide 为做好准备而“提供；供给”，常用于 She offered me a job.=She offered a job to me. 她提供给我一份工作。 The school provided food for the students.=The school provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb结构 provided the students with food. 学校为学生们提供伙食。 8、My cousin borrows my things without returning them.我表弟借我的东西不归还 。 return此处用作及物动词，意为“归还”，相当于give…back。

短语：return sb sth= return sth to sb.把某物还给某人。

例：Don’t forget to return me my keys.=Don’t forget to return my keys to me.别忘了把钥匙还给我。

【拓展】return用作不及物动词，意为“来回，返回”，相当于come back或get back. 常用短语“return to+

地点名词”。 例：He returned to school by bike yesterday.昨天他骑自行车返回学校。

9、You left your homework at home.你把作业忘在家里了。

leave(过去式和过去分词均为left)，此处用作及物动词，意为“落下；遗留”，其后可接地点状语。

例：I left my bag in the classroom.我把包忘在教室里了。 【辨析】leave与forget leave forget “落下；遗留”，指把某物忘在某地 “忘记”，指由于记忆上的忽略而忘记了某人或某事 She left her keys in the room. 她把钥匙忘在房间里了。 I forgot her address. 我忘了她的地址。 10、You are afraid of speaking in front of people. 你害怕在人们面前说话。 be afraid of sb/sth be afraid of doing sth be afraid to do sth be afraid+that从句 害怕某人或某物 “害怕做某事”，侧重主语“担心、害怕”某事发生 “不敢或害怕做某事”，侧重主语“不敢做某事” “恐怕”，多用于客气地提出个人意见或看法 11、Your best friend does not trust you anymore. 你最好的朋友不再信任你。

not…anymore=no more意为“不再…”，表示程度上或做某事的词数不再增加，修饰非延续性动词。 例：He didn’t smoke anymore.他不再吸烟了。 I won’t copy his homework anymore.我不会再抄他的作业了。 12、My parents give me a lot of pressure about school. 我父母给我许多学习上的压力。 pressure不可数名词，意为“压力”，此处指精神上、外界施加的压力，相当于stress。 相关短语：under pressure压力之下 put pressuer on sb.向某人施压

The boy is afraid of his mother.那个男孩怕他妈妈。 She is afraid of the dak.她怕黑 She is afraid of making mistakes.她害怕犯错误。 He is afraid of flying.他害怕坐飞机。 She is afraid to swim.她不敢游泳。 He is afraid to fly.他不敢坐飞机。 I’m afraid that I can’t go today.恐怕我今天去不了了。 30

13、They have a quick dinner,and then it’s time for homework.

他们快速吃过晚饭，接着又到了做家庭作业的时间了。

quick形容词，意为“快的，迅速的，时间短暂的”。其副词为quickly，意为“快地，迅速地”

have a quick dinner=have dinner quickly匆匆地吃晚饭

【辨析】quick与fast quick fast 形容词 形容词或副词 形容动作迅速、敏捷，强调动作反应快 强调速度快 Be quick, or we’ll be late. 快点儿，否则我们要迟到了。 He runs fast.He is a good runner. 他跑得很快，是一个很好的跑步队员。 14、And they are always comparing them with other children.并且她们总是把他们和别的孩子对比。

1)be always doing sth总是做某事

2)compare此处用作及物动词，意为“比较，对比” 【辨析】compare…with…与compare…to… compare…with… compare…to… “把…与…比较”，常用于两个同类事物之间的具体比较，侧重区别 “把…比作…”，常用于两个不同性质的事物的抽象比较 15、Why don’t you…?等提建议的句型及其常用答语 1)在英语中，提建议的常用表达有：

①Why don’t you do sth=Why not do sth? 你为什么不做某事呢？ 例:Why don’t you talk to your parents?=Why not talk to your parents? ②What about (doing)sth?=How about (doing) sth? (做)某事怎么样/好吗？ 例：What/How about having dinner with me?和我一起去吃晚饭好吗？

③Let’s do sth 咱们做某事吧 例：Let’s make a birthday card for her.咱们给她制作一张生日贺卡吧。 ④You should (not) do sth 你(不)应该做某事 例：You should (not) do more exercise.你(不)应该多锻炼。 ⑤ You’d better (not) do sth 你最好(不)做某事 例：You’d better (not) go out.你最好(不要)出去。 ⑥Would you like sth/ to do sth? 你想要某物/做某事吗？ 例：Would you like to have a try? 你试一试好吗？

⑦You could do sth 你可以做某事 例：You could write to her. 你可以给她写信。 2)提建议的常用答语： 肯定回答 Good idea! /That’s a good idea! 好主意！/那是个好主意！ OK. /All right. /Great. 好 /行 /太好了。 Yes, please. /I’d love to=I’d like to. 是的。/我很愿意。 No problem.没问题. Sounds good/great = That sounds good/great. 那听起来不错/很好。 We compared this picture with that one. 我们把这幅画和那副画比较了一下。 We often compare children to flowers. 我们经常把孩子比作花朵。 31

否定回答 I don’t think so.我不这样认为。 I’d love/like to, but I have to…我很愿意，但我得… That sounds boring. 那听上去很乏味。 I’m afraid… 恐怕… Sorry, I can’t. /Sorry, but… 抱歉，我不能。/抱歉，但是… 16、连词until，so that及although引导的状语从句

1)although引导让步状语从句。可放在主句前面，也可放在主句后面。但不与but连用。 例：Although you are tall, I’m not afraid of you.尽管你个子高，但我不怕你。

Although句式: 1.Although～，～ 2.～although～ You could help him although you didn’t let him copy your homework.尽管你不让他抄你的作业，但是你可以帮助他。

2)so that引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句

①so that“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句时，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开。目的状语从句表示动机(哪一种可能)，而非事实，因此，从句中常带有can，will，could，would，should等情态动词。 例：I got up early so that I could catch the early bus.我起得早，以便能赶上早班公交车。

So that句式: ②so that“以至于；结果”，引导结果状语从句，陈述的是客观事实，常常不带情态动词。 ～so that～ 例：He studied hard so that he passed the exam. 他努力学习，结果通过了考试。

3)连词until 意为“直到…为止，直到…时”，引导时间状语从句，常放在主句之后，也可放在主句之前。主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。 另外，常用结构“not…until…”意为“直到…才…” 例：We didn’t go home until the rain stopped. 直到雨停了，我们才回家。 I won’t believe it until I see it with my own eyes.直到亲眼看见，我才会相信。

Until句式: 1.～until～ 2….not～until～

典句必背

1. I studied until mid night last night so I didn’t get enough sleep.我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。 2. Why don 't you forget about it?你为什么不忘掉它呢？

3. Although she is wrong , it is not a big deal.虽然她错了,但这并不是什么大事儿。

4. H e should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s sorry.他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。 5. Maybe you could go to his house.也许你可以去他家。

6. I guess I could, but I don’t want to surprise him.我想我可以,但我不想让他感到惊讶。

话题写作

你将代表学校参加市中学生英语演讲比赛，演讲的题目是Learning to get along with our parents。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容要点如下：

现象：经常跟父母发火，甚至几天不说话。 原因：父母过分关注分数；我们…

32

措施(不少于三点)：我们应该和父母沟通；我们…；我们… 要求：1.表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； 2．必须包括所有相关信息，可作适当发挥；

3.词数：80-100(划线部分为已给开头与结尾，不计入总词数)。

Learning to get along with our parents

Good morning，ladies and gentlemen! Today my speech(演讲) topic(主题) is Learning to get along with our parents. These days, most of us feel it hard to get along with out parents. We often get angry with our parents and even don’t talk to them for several days.(开篇点题。引出观点：存在相处困难的现象)

Here are some of the reasons. First, our parents only care about our marks(分数) and it makes us stressed. Second, we don’t want to communicate with them.(展开表述。阐述第二条内容要点：列举产生这种现象的原因)

It’s time for us to change. First, we can communicate with our parents by sharing out joys and worries with them. Then we can help do some housework to show our love for them. Finally, we should spend enough time on our schoolwork so that they won’t feel worried about us.(结尾综述。阐述第三条内容要点：改变这种现象的措施)

That’s all for my speech(演讲). Thank you! Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

短语归纳

1.wait for等候 2.look for寻找 3.go off(闹钟)发出响声 4. take a shower洗澡 5.pick up接电话 6. make sure务必；确保 7.have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得开心；过得愉快 8.fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着 9.die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 10.wake up醒来；叫醒 11.in a mess乱七八糟；凌乱不堪 12.clean up打扫干净；整理 13. in times of difficulty在困难时期 14.take photos拍照；照相 15.play the piano弹钢琴 16.turn on打开 17.listen to the radio听收音机 18.right away立刻；马上 19.have a look看一看 20.get to达到

21.because of因为 22.make one’s way to前往；费力地前行 23.in silence沉默；无声 24.take down拆除；往下拽；记录 25. at first首先；最初 26.tell the truth说实话 27.point out指出 28.go away离去 29.three times a week一周三次 30.call out大声叫唤 31.at the time of…在…的时候 32. a weather report天气预报 33.the rest of…剩余的… 34. beat against敲打，拍打 35.miss the bus错过公交车 36.in the area在这个地区 37.by the side of the road在路边 38.walk by走路经过 39.be killed被杀害 40.a school pupil一名小学生 41.on the radio通过广播 42.more recently最近地，新近 43.have meaning to…对…有意义

33

句型归纳

1.be busy doing sth 忙着做某事 例：He was busying studying for a test.他正忙着为考试而学习。 2.be busy with sth 忙于某事 例：She was busying with her homework.她正忙着做作业。 3. see sb/sth doing sth看见某人或某物正在做某事

4.begin /start to so sth开始做某事 例：I begin to study it.=I start to study it.我开始学习它。 5.try to do sth努力做某事 例：She tried to fix it up.她尽力把它修好。 6.try doing sth尝试做某事 例：He tried doing it.他试着做它。

7.have trouble (in) doing sth=have problems (in) doing sth=have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难 例：We have trouble/problem/difficulty (in) finishing the work.我们完成这项工作有困难。 8.feel like doing sth想要做某事 例：She didn’t feel like eating anything.她不想吃任何东西。 9.It is reported that+从句 据报道… 例：It’s reported that it’s cloudy tomorrow.据报道，明天天气多云。

语法归纳

1、I was waiting for the bus when it began to rain heavily.当开始下大雨时，我正在等公共汽车。

1)begin意为“开始”，过去式began, 过去分词begun, 现在分词beginning，其同义词start。其后可接名

词、代词、to do sth或doing sth。

例：Let’s begin to work.咱们开始工作吧。

He began to learn/learning French two years ago.他两年前开始学法语。

【拓展】begin后接动词不定式或动词ing形式，在许多情况下，二者可以互换。但在以下三种情况下，

通常接动词不定式。

①主语是物而不是人时 例：The ice began to melt. 冰开始融化了。

②begin本身为ing形式时 例：He is just beginning to draw the picture .他刚开始画那副画。 ③begin后的宾语是与感情、想法有关的表示心理活动的动词，如understand, know, feel等时。

例：I began to understand it.我开始明白这件事了。

2)heavily副词，意为“大量地；在很大程度上”，其形容词形式为heavy。

例：It snowed heavily yesterday.昨天雪下得很大。 2、I called at seven and you didn’t pick up.我7点给你打电话，你没有接。

pick up为“动词+副词”结构的短语，意为“接电话”，相当于pick up the phone. 【拓展】pick up还可意为“捡起；接(某人)”。

例：My ruler is under your desk. Please pick it up for me.我的尺子在你的桌子底下。请帮我捡起来。 Can you pick me up at the airport?你能到机场接我吗？

3、I called again at eight and you didn’t answer then either.我8点又给你打电话，你那时也没接。 【辨析】either, also, too与as well

34

Either Also Too as well “也(不)”，用于否定句，一般放在句末。 “也”，一般用于肯定句，常放在句中。 I didn’t come to school yesterday either. 我昨天也没来学校。 She speaks English and she also writes English. 她说英语，也写英语。 “也”，一般用于肯定句或疑问句，常放在句末，Are you going to work too? 经常前加逗号。 “也”，用于肯定句，位于句末。 你也要去上班吗？ I can swim as well. 我也会游泳。 4、That’s strange.那很奇怪。

strange形容词，意为“奇怪的；奇特的”。其副词形式为strangely，意为“奇怪地”。 例: I had a strange experience.我有过一次奇特的经历。

【拓展】strange还可意为“陌生的；不熟悉的”，名词stranger意为“陌生人”。

例：The place is strange to me.我对这个地方很陌生。

5、Ben’ s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.本的爸爸正在把一块块木头钉在窗户上，而他的妈妈正在确认手电筒和收音机都能正常使用。

1)wood此处作不可数名词，意为“木：木头；木材”。 a piece of wood“一块木头” 例：He put some wood in the fire.

【拓展】wood作可数名词，常用复数，意为“树林”。

例：She is afraid to walk through the woods at night. 她害怕晚上经过那片树林。 2)make sure意为“务必；确认；弄清”，后常接that从句或of短语。

例：Make sure that you put down every word she says.你务必几下她说的每一个字。 We must make sure of it.我们必须把这件事弄明白。

6、Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the train began to beat heavily against the windows.

当雨开始对着窗户猛烈敲打时，本在帮助他的妈妈做晚饭。

1)beat(过去式beat, 过去分词beaten)作不及物动词，意为“敲打；(心脏、脉搏等)跳动”。

例：The rain is beating heavily against the windows.雨在猛烈地敲打着窗户。

His heart stopped beating.他的心脏停止了跳动。

【拓展】beat作及物动词，意为“打败”。

例：We beat them by 3:2. 我们以3比2打败了他们。

2)against作介词，意为“碰；撞；倚着；靠着”。

例：Put the piano there, with its back against the wall. 把钢琴放在那里，使它的背靠着墙。 【拓展】against作介词，还可意为“反对”。

例：They are against the plan. 他们反对这个计划。

7、He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00a.m.

35

在大约凌晨3点风逐渐变弱使他终于睡着了。 【辨析】asleep, sleepy与sleeping asleep sleepy “睡着”，常作表语 He is asleep on the sofa. 他在沙发上睡着了。 “要睡的；困倦的”，可作表语和定语 I feel sleepy. I’m going to bed.我感到困了，要去睡觉了。 “睡着的”，作定语；还可表示与睡有A young woman with a sleeping baby in her arms got on the bus. 一个年轻的妇女，怀里抱着一个睡着的孩子，上了公共汽车。 sleeping 关的东西，如sleeping bags(睡袋)，sleeping pills(安眠药) 8、When he woke up, the sun was rising.当他醒来时，太阳正冉冉升起。 【辨析】rise与raise Rise 不及物动词 着重指“上升；升高” 主语通常是升高的物体本身 强调把某物从较低处抬(举、提)着重指“抬起，举起，raise 及物动词 到较高处。它可以用于比喻，如提起” 提高价值、名誉、地位、工资等 9、The roads were icy because of the heavy snow from the night before.由于前天晚上的大雪，路面是结满冰的。 icy形容词，意为“覆盖着冰的；冰冷的”，其名词形式为ice(冰)。

例：It is not easy to walk on the icy roads.在结满冰的路面上行走不容易。 【拓展】在英语中，一些与天气有关的名词，加后缀-y可构成相应的形容词： fog雾→foggy有雾的 cloud云→cloudy多云的 snow雪→snowy下雪的

rain雨→rainy下雨的

The girl raised the box to the car. 女孩将箱子搬到车上。 The sun rises.太阳升起来。 wind风→windy有风的 sun阳光→sunny晴朗的

10、You’re kdding! 你在开玩笑吧！

kid动词，意为“开玩笑”。

例：Don’t get mad.I was only kidding.别生气，我只不过是在开玩笑。

【拓展】1)kid作动词，还可意为“欺骗”。 例：Don’t kid yourself! 别自欺欺人了！ 2)kid还可用作名词，意为“孩子”。 例：He has two kids.他有两个孩子。 11、On this day, Dr.Martin Luther King was killed.在这一天，马丁·路德·金博士被杀害了。

was killed意为“被杀害”，是一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态由“助动词was/were+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当句子的主语为动作的承受者或不清楚动作的执行者是谁时，可用被动语态来表示。

例：A lot of people were killed in the earthquake.许多人在地震中丧生了。 The bridgt was built last year by workers.这座桥是去年由工人们修建的。 12、My parents were completely shocked! 我的父母都十分震惊！

completely副词，意为“彻底地，完全地”。其形容词形式为complete，意为“完全的，彻底的”。

例：I’ve completely forgotten her name.我彻底把她的名字给忘了。

36

13、I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that.

我是那么害怕以至于我几乎不能清楚地想起那之后的事了。 【辨析】hardly与hard hardly hard 副词，意为“几乎不” 作形容词，意为“难的，硬的” 作副词，意为“努力地；猛烈地” He hardly watches TV. 他几乎不看电视。 She found it hard to decide.她发现难以决定。 We should work hard.我们应当努力工作。 14、While my brother was laughing, the television news reported that other people had seen the light as well.

当我哥哥在笑的时候，电视新闻报道别人也看见了亮光。

had seen为过去完成时，过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作，由“助动词had+过去分词”构成。

例：I realized that I had left my homework at home.我意识到我把家庭作业忘在家里了。 The film had begun when he got to the cinema. 当他到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。 15、过去进行时

1)定义：表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作。

2)构成：was/were+动词ing (说明：当主语是第一人称单数形式和第三人称单数形式时，助动词用was，

其余人称用were。)

3)常用时间状语：at that time, at this time yesterday, at 8:00 yesterday morning等出现时，用过去进行时。 例：I was reading a book in the library at that time. 那时我正在图书馆里看书。

They were having an English class at 9:00 yesterday morning. 昨天上午9点他们在上英语课。 He was reading a story-book when the teacher came in. 老师进来的时候，他正在看故事书。 4)基本句式：

①肯定句：主语+ was/were+动词ing+其他。

例:I was sleeping at ten last night. 昨天晚上10点我在睡觉。 ②否定句：主语+ was/were not+动词ing+其他。

例：I wasn’t sleeping at ten last night. 昨天晚上10点我没在睡觉。 ③一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词ing+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语+wasn’t/ weren’t. 5)过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：

过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作，强调动作正在进行；而一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，多指动作已经完成。

例：He was wathching TV this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他正在看电视。 He watched TV yesterday. 昨天他看电视了。

37

典句必背

1.— What were you doing at eight last night? 昨晚8 点你在干什么？ — I was taking a shower. 我在洗淋浴。

2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner. 当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。 3.—What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping? 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么？ —While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。

话题写作

一、假如你是某中学的一名学生。6月3日，是星期二，在放学回家的工作轿车上，你所经历的一件事让你印象深刻。请你根据以下要点用英语写一篇日记。要点如下：

1.一位老爷爷和十岁左右的孙子上了车，老人拿着书包和小提琴； 2.你给老人让座，老人的孙子却坐了下来，老人只得站在旁边。 3.孩子大声海蜇向老人要水喝，并将空水瓶扔到车上； 4.你认为孩子应该尊敬、照顾老人，保持环境整洁。

参考词汇：孙子grandson 空水瓶empty bottle 尊敬respect 保持…干净keep…clean June3, Tuesday

On my way home on the bus, I saw an old man get on the bus with his grandson of about ten. He was carrying the boy’s schoolbag and violin. I offered my seat to the old man at once. However, the boy sat down first. The old man had to stand nearby. After a while, the boy shouted to his grandfather for water and then dropped the empty bottle on the bus.

When I saw this, I got very angry. I think the boy should not only respect and take care of the old man but also keep the environment clean.

二、在英语课上，老师让大家讲述自己最难忘的一次经历。请你用英语写一篇80词左右的短文为你的发言做准备。要求灵活运用本单元所学的过去进行时。

I will never forget that special day！On October 10th，2011，I had an unusual experience.At around eight o'clock in the morning I was doing my homework at home when a fire started.My parents were working in the factory.I didn't get nervous at all.I left my house quickly and called the fire department.Soon the firemen arrived.With their help，the fire was put out quickly.When my parents got home，they both said I was a brave girl!

三、请根据下面的提示信息，以My grandpa's unusual experience为题，用英语写一篇70词左右的短文。

38

短文划线部分为已给出的开头，不计入总词数。 提示信息：

小时候爷爷经常给我讲故事，现在仍然清晰地记得爷爷给我讲述的他的一次不寻常的经历：爷爷年轻时常去城里干建筑活儿赚钱养家。有一天下班回家的路上，他听到有人呼救，顺着声音他看到一名落水儿童，于是爷爷从水中救出了这名儿童。男孩的父亲想给他一些钱表示感谢，但他拒绝了。我很为爷爷感到骄傲。

My grandpa's unusual experience

My grandpa used to tell me stories when I was a kid.Today I still clearly remember one of his unusual experiences he told me.

When my grandpa was young，he often went to the city to help build tall buildings to make money.One day，while he was walking back home from work，he heard someone in the river shouting for help.He quickly jumped into the cool water and saved the boy.After the boy's father arrived，he thanked my grandpa.And he wanted to give my grandpa some money，but my grandpa refused because he thought he should save the boy. I'm proud of my grandpa.I love him very much.

39

经典范文背诵

A Meaningful Vacation

The winter vacation is coming soon. We’ll have a one-month holiday. After learning at school for a long term, I’m going to do something during the vacation. To have a meaningful vacation, I’m going to do the following things:

First, I will finish doing my homework on time and preview the new lessons. As a student, I think study should come first. Second, I will do some sports, such as skating, playing football and so on. If I want to study well, I must have a healthy body. Third, I am going to help at home. It’s not easy for my parents to look after me, so I am going to help them do some housework, like cleaning the floor, doing the dishes and so on.

I believe I will have a meaningful vacation.

20