江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(86)含答案解析

【题文】

It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a less obvious kind of social upheaval（剧变）underway that is fast changing both the face of the planet and the way human beings live. That change is the rapid growth in urbanization. In 2008, for the first time in human history, more than half the world’s population was living in towns and cities. And as a recently published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come—with an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change.

As Karen Seto, the lead author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn’t just about the migration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger to provide enough room for all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversity hotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.

Humans are the ultimate invasive species-when they move into new territory, they often displace the wildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new cities—especially in the dense tropical forests-carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It’s true that as people in developing nations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could in turn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents in the countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the real difference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanying increase in income—and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, which in turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing-but it does carry an environmental price.

The urbanization wave can’t be stopped—and it shouldn’t be. But Seto’s paper does underscore the importance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization’s impacts on the environment “There’s an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to think about how we urbanize,” says Seto. “One thing that's clear is that we can’t build cities he way we have over the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won’t allow that.” We’re headed towards an urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes heaven or hell is up to us.

Title Present ___66___ Characteristics Urbanization Throughout the world, over half population live in urban areas with the process of urbanization still ____67____ up in the coming decade. ·People ____68____ into urban environments. ·Environments become bigger to ____69____ all those from rural areas. ___70___ Biodiversity hot-spots and carbon emissions in the areas will be ____71____. ·____72____ the wildlife away from where they used to live. Means urbanization ·____74____ more food and energy, causing a rise in carbon emissions. We should ____75____ the way we have built cities so as to manage the transition and reduce Conclusion the impacts on environment.

【答案】66. situation 67. speeding 68. migrate/move 69. accommodate 70. Consequence/Outcome 71. influenced/impacted/affected 72. Drive/Force

73. way 74. Consume 75. change/alter 【解析】 【分析】

本文属于说明文，讲述城市化是一个不可逆转的历史进程，但是都是以破坏环境为代价的，因此我们必须要转变发展城市的观念，减少对环境的破坏。 【66题详解】

本空位于标题栏下，然后根据Throughout the world, over half population live in urban areas with the process of urbanization可知，有一半的人口住在城市里面，这是当前的情形，然后被present修饰，故用名词situation。 【67题详解】

根据第一段the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come可知，在未来的几十年里，城市化的进程还会加速，再结合本句，句子成分完整，与后面up形成短语speed up，故用非谓语形式speeding。 【68题详解】

根据第二段the wave of urbanization isn’t just about the migration of people into urban environments,可知，城市化的特征不仅仅是人口迁移到城市里面，分析本句发现，句子缺少谓语，结合主语people，和into，故用动词原形move或

of ·Clear land to make ____73____ for new cities. 者migrate。 【69题详解】

根据第二段the wave of urbanization isn’t just about the migration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger to provide enough room for all those people.可知，城市化还包括环境要能够容纳这些从农村来的人口，分析本句，不定式to后接动词原形，故用accommodate。 【70题详解】

根据第二段The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversity hotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.可知，城生物多样性和碳排放受影响是城市化快速进行的后果，故用outcome或者consequence。 【71题详解】

根据第二段The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversity hotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.可知， 城生物多样性和碳排放受影响是城市化快速进行的后果，故用influenced/impacted/affected。【72题详解】

根据第三段when they move into new territory, they often displace the wildlife that was already living there.可知，人类往往会驱赶动物，建造自己的住所和耕地。这也是城市产生的方式，再结合句中away，形成drive away或者force away驱赶，故用drive或者force。 【73题详解】

根据第三段And as land is cleared for those new cities可知，土地清空出来，修建城市，也就是为城市让路，因而用way，形成短语make way for。 【74题详解】

根据第三段But the real difference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanying increase in income—and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, which in turn causes a rise in carbon emissions.可知，人们从农村搬到城市之后，随着收入的增加，对食物和能源的消耗就增加了，这也是城市化的一个特点，故consume。 【75题详解】

根据最后一段One thing that's clear is that we can’t build cities he way we have over the last couple of hundred years.可知，对于未来的城市，我们不能再用以前建造城市的方法和理念，因此必须改变方法，结合本句，句子缺少谓语，故用动词change或者alter。

【点睛】关于任务型阅读的技巧点拨。任务型阅读对读者的要求较高，既要掌握文章的主体结构和主旨大意，也要求掌握其关键信息，那么在做此类题时，建议勾划出或者归纳出文章和各个段落的主旨句，同时理清楚文章的结构，另外对支持段落主旨句的关键句进行标注，之后再结合空缺处所在句子结构，进行适当替换相同意思的词，同时注意所填词的形式，确保语法和意义正确。

【标题】江苏省扬州市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【结束】