四级语法

在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.

Look out for cars when crossing the street.

When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.

While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.

Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.

If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.

Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.

This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.

Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.

She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.

She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.

Fill in the application as instructed.

Whenever known, such facts should be reported.

The documents will be returned as soon as signed.

He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.

Once having made a promise, you should keep it.

If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.

Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.

If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.

As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.

在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.

He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.

We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.

They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).

He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.

Their training is free, as is all education.

We will, as always, stand on your side.

错误的省略

His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.

While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her. 一致

如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.

Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday.

An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.

The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team.

运用同义词语。如：“他上星期生病了”可译为：

(1) He got ill last week. (2) He was ill last week. (3) He fell ill last week. (4) He became ill last week.

(5) He was in bad health last week.

运用同一词语的不同句式结构.如：“他写那篇文章花了三个星期”可译为： (1) It took him three weeks to write the article. (2) He took three weeks to write the article. (3) The article took him three weeks.

(4) To write the article took him three weeks. (5) It took three weeks for him to write the article. (6) Writing the article took him three weeks. 运用简单句与复合句的相互转换理论。如： he man standing there is a policeman.

改为：The man who is standing there is a policeman. What we should do next is unknown. 改为：What to do next is unknown.

We are thinking of how we can finish the work in time. 改为：We are thinking of how to finish the work in time. 综合运用同义词语与不同句式。如：“他做完练习后，便出去了”可译为： (1) After he had finished the exercises, he went out. (2) After he finished the exercises, he went out. (3) Having finished the exercises, he went out. (4) Finishing the exercises, he went out. (5) After finishing the exercises, he went out. (6) The exercises being finished, he went out. (7) The exercises finished, he went out.

(8) The exercises having been done, he went out.

另外，还可采用修辞等方法，以增进多种表达的本领。