Section Ⅰ Listening Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.
Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to the ANSWER SHEET.
If you have any questions, you may raise your hand now as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.
Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A Directions:
For Questions 1—5, you will hear an introduction to the city of Los Angeles. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice.
Directions:
For Questions 1～5, you will hear a news report about a case of stealing. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. News over a case of stealing the day of the broadcast 1 number of thieves 2 number of precious paintings 3 Lord and Lady Chest-field have been treated for 4 The landlord refuses to renew their traditional 5 Part B Directions:
For Questions 6—10, you will hear a talk on English meals. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice.
Directions:
For Questions 6～10, you will hear a recording of a conversation between a student and a clerk in the registration office. While you listen, complete the sentences and answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences below. The student cannot register because 6 The student had thought he could register any time during 7 of classes. The woman who gave the wrong information probably 8 was What does the registration officer need to know when a 9 student is to register? 10 Who is the student going to talk to? Part C Directions:
You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece once only.
11、 How does the professor think of calling a computer an \"electronic brain\"?
A. He thinks that it is not accurate. B. He thinks that it is OK.
C. He thinks that it is rather fashionable. D. He thinks that it is very proper. 12、 When was the first computer built? A. 1964. B. 1946. C. 1916. D. 1940.
13、 Which of the following is true according to the professor? A. The computer is absolutely better than the human brain. B. The computer is better than the human brain in many ways.
C. Without a program and human's instructions, the computer can't work. D. The computer can program itself.
14、 In this passage, a \"dark\" side means ______.
A. dull problem B. not bright C. a black side D. disadvantage 15、 Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Facing the disadvantages of automobiles, we should give them up.
B. While making use of computers, we have to take measures to get rid of their dark sides. C. We can not make use of computers before their dark sides are removed. D. We can find no way to keep computers from turning against us. 16、 In the passage, what does \"computer crime\" mean?
A. Criminals make use of computer shortcomings to do something illegal. B. Computers can be used to track down criminals. C. Computers can be used to break codes.
D. Computers may sometimes do something illegal.
17、 What must you make sure when you load the cassette? A. That you open the recorder. B. That you get the power supply.
C. That you get the right side of the tape facing you. D. That you switch the recorder on.
18、 What may the red thing do besides recording?
A. Wipe off the sound on the tape. B. Play the recorder. C. Set the recorder to work. D. Stop the recorder.
19、 What button do you press if you want to listen again what has been played? A. Pause button. B. Record button. C. Forward button. D. Rewind button. Section Ⅱ Reading Part A Directions:
Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Walking—like swimming, bicycling and running—is an aerobic exercise, 20 builds the capacity for energy output and physical endurance by increasing the supply of oxygen to skin and muscles. Such exercises may be a primary factor in the 21 of heart and circulatory disease.
As probably the least strenuous, safest aerobic activity, walking is the 22 acceptable exercise for the largest number of people. Walking 23 comfortable speed improves the efficiency of the cardio respiratory system 24 stimulating the lungs and heart, but at a more gradual rate than most other forms of exercise.
In one test, a group of men 40 to 57 years of age, 25 at a fast pace for 40 minutes four days a week, showed improvement 26 to men the same age on a 30 minute, three-day-a-week jogging program in the same period. Their resting heart rate and body fat decreased 27 . These changes suggest some of the important—even vital—benefits walking can bring about.
Walking 28 bums calories. It takes 3,500 calories to gain or lose one pound. Since a one-hour walk at a moderate pace will 29 up 300 to 360 calories. By walking one hour every other day, you can burn up a pound and a half monthly, or 18 pounds 30 —providing there is
no change in your intake of food. To 31 weight faster, walk an hour every day and burn up 3 pounds a month, or 36 pounds a year.
Whatever your age, right now is the time to give your physical well-being as much thought as you 32 to pensions or insurance. Walking is a vital defense 33 the ravages of degenerative diseases and aging. It is nature's 34 of giving you a tune up.
Part B Directions:
Read the following three texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing: A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1
Many phrases used to describe monetary policy, such as \"steering the economy to a soft
landing\" or \"a touch on the brakes\from the truth. The relation between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3 % one year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% the next July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.
It is also less than most forecasters has predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past few years, inflation has been continually lower than expected in Britain and America.
Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially that of America, have little productive slack. America's capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment—the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models which were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
35、 According to the text, making monetary policy changes ______. A. is comparable to driving a car
B. is similar to carrying out scientific work
C. will not influence the economy immediately
D. will have an immediate impact on the inflation rate 36、 From the text we learn that ______.
A. there is a clear relationship between inflation and interest rates B. the economy always follows particular trends
C. the current economic problems are entirely predictable D. the present economic situation is better than expected 37、 The text suggests that ______.
A. the previous economic models are still applicable B. an extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation C. a high unemployment rate will result from inflation
D. interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy
38、 By saying \"This is no flash in the pan\" (Para. 3), the author means that \"______\". A. the low inflation rate will continue B. the inflation rate will rise again C. inflation will disappear entirely D. there is no inflation at present
39、 How does the author feel about the present situation?
A. Tolerant. B. Indifferent. C. Disappointed. D. Surprised. Text 2
Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America, but this year's is a whopper. Until last week, it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fail. Then British authorities, concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool, barred all further shipments by the Chitin Corp. Overnight, the U.S. vaccine supply dwindled by nearly
half—and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual plea. Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated, they're now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to. \"This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply,\" says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information, \"and the lack of redundancy in our system. \"
Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out? Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it. To create a single dose of flu vaccine, a
manufacturer has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg, then crack the egg,
harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response. Profit margins are narrow, demand is fickle and, because each year's flu virus is different, any leftover vaccine goes to waste. As a result, the United States now has only two major suppliers(Chiron and Aventis
Pasteur)—and when one of them runs into trouble, there isn't much the other can do about it. \"A vaccine maker can't just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs,\" says Manon Cox, of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp.\" There's a whole industry that's scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time. \"
Sleeker technologies are now in the works, and experts are hoping that this year's fiasco will speed the pace of innovation. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell
cultures—a medium already used to make most other vaccines. Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way, but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy, and one
culture-based product(Solvay Pharmaceuticals' Invivac)has been cleared for marketing in Europe.
For America, the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply. The
government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week. That's nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year. In fact, many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign—encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.
40、 Shortages of flue vaccine show that ______. A. America relies too much on foreign suppliers B. the demand of flue vaccines is high this year
C. quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine production
D. the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up
41、 The word \"cleared\" (Line 5, Paragraph 3) might mean ______. A. permitted B. removed C. proved D. produced
42、 Private companies have little interest in producing flu vaccines because of A. complicated process, high cost, low profit and high risk B. shortages of fertilized chicken eggs C. difficulty in growing live virus D. fast changing of flu virus
43、 From the last paragraph we can infer that ______.
A. the government hopes to solve the problem by way of volunteer restrictions
B. more than 47 million Americans who are qualified to get flu vaccine shots cannot get them this year
C. America needs not to worry about a limited supply of flu vaccines this year
D. normally only a small percentage of American population gets flu vaccine shots each year 44、 According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? ______ A. All Americans are persuaded not to get vaccinated this year.
B. The big problem in innovating flu vaccine's producing technique is how to grow virus in a
new way.
C. More flu vaccines cannot be produced in a short time because private companies refuse to produce more.
D. Flu vaccines are easier than most vaccines to produce through cell cultures. Text 3
A few years ago it was feared that the investors buying up one media company after another and loading them with debt would ruin their purchases. As it turns out, some have also ruined themselves. On August 17th the Reader's Digest Association, publisher of America's most widely read magazine, said it would seek bankruptcy protection to restructure $ 2.2 billion in debt.
Reader's Digest is now a global business: It generates less than half of its revenue in America. Most of its money comes from direct marketing and sales of things as varied as wine, vitamins and books.
Reader's Digest began in the 1920s by summarizing books and \"articles of lasting interest\" from other publications. Gradually it acquired its own editorial voice, and with it a somewhat boring image. The magazine emphasized common values and leaned to the right—Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan were fans. In the 1970s it sold as many as 18 million copies a month. The Wall Street Journal described it as the greatest publishing success since the Bible.
Yet cracks were appearing. The magazine came to depend on competitions and gambling, particularly to lure younger subscribers. Forced out of that business by public and legal pressure, Reader's Digest attempted to reinvent itself as a celebrity-heavy lifestyle magazine. Despite heroic (and expensive) efforts to keep up the numbers, circulation has fallen ruthlessly. It now stands at 8.2 million in America—not many more than Better Homes and Gardens.
These days Reader's Digest is aiming for a circulation of about 5.5 million, having dropped the notion of being all things to all readers. Instead it will emphasize the heartland values of family and practicality. Other initiatives point in a similar direction. In 2006 the firm successfully launched a magazine featuring Rachael Ray, a cheerful and uncomplicated television cook. Earlier this year it formed a publishing alliance with Rick Warren, whose book, The Purpose-Driven Life, has a more plausible claim to be the greatest publishing success since the Bible. Mr. Warren is conservative but pointedly non-political.
This is wise. There are a lot of people in the heartland, and not just in America. Reader's Digest's talent for distilling complex arguments ought to be more valuable in an era of information overload. In the past year Every Day with Rachael Ray and the American edition of Reader's Digest have lost less than a tenth of their advertising pages, according to Mediaweek—far less than the competition. If it can escape that troublesome debt, the least sexy of publishing companies ought to be around for a while yet.
45、 Who should take the blame for the bankruptcy of media companies? A. The debtors. B. The investors.
C. The average readers. D. The company managers. 46、 Reader's Digest in its prime featured A. adherence to editorial voice.
B. obsession with attractive images. C. intense involvement in politics. D. focus on common values.
47、 According to Paragraph 4, which of the following causes Reader's Digest's problems? A. Lack of younger subscribers. B. Departure from competitions. C. Encounter with legal pressure. D. Failure to make heroic efforts.
48、 These days Reader's Digest intends to A. emphasize heartland values. B. reject conservative notions. C. attract all kinds of readers. D. drop complicated issues.
49、 How does the author feel about the future of Reader's Digest? A. Skeptical. B. Depressed.
C. Hopeful. D. Enthusiastic. Part C Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1—5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
A. Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the
Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.
B. In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city's vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
C. How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
D. Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.
E. To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.
F. Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers' stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans's interpretations of these engravings
eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.
G. Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.
Order:
50 → 51 →E→ 52 → 53 → 54 Part D Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your translation clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Three common ways of remembering are: repetition, association, and exaggeration.
Repetition is the key to long term memory. 55Physiologically, when brain cells are activated by the memory process, the nerve cell coating becomes thicker and thicker with each repetition, strengthening the electrical pathway in brain that constitutes memory. In addition, when
associations between parts of a thing remembered are formed, the nerve cell body sends out axon runners to other associated memory cells. These runners from one cell connect to runners on other cells. 56As the pathway is used repetitiously, the surrounding ceils become larger and more tightly wrapped around the electrically conductive pathways, thereby transforming the memory from a short-term memory to a long-term memory.
Memories of similar objects reside in nearby regions of the brain, while memories of exotic or exaggerated objects are farther away. 57By forming memories with creative and unusual
associations, many more pathways are established, much like a spider weaving an ever bigger web, in which each part leads to the center by many interconnected pathways.
Memory links are also established when a variety of sensations and muscular activity are engaged. 58Indeed, some people seem to be more proficient at learning by either seeing, hearing or writing, but no one method can provide the more numerous pathways provided by all three in combination.
Memory is enhanced not only by repetition, but also by association and exaggeration of certain features of the object. Many memories are recalled as series of objects. For instance, a memory device to remember four common logical fallacies is a picture of the Earth, with the green continents and blue oceans, viewed from outer space with a flight of white geese circling around it. This image is used to recall the statement \"geese circle every continent.\" The first letters of that statement stand for the logic fallacies of generalization, circularities, either/or, and cause and effect.
Size, also, seems to play a role in memorization. During the Middle Ages, memory contests were held annually. In one, the winner remembered one hundred thousand sequential items. A time-proven memory method from the Middle Ages is association of abstract ideas to large objects. 59 The objects used for trigger recall seem to need to be about the size of a human, so that, if we were blind, we could identify the object by touch. Large objects in the memory seem to engage muscular memory areas as well as sight memory areas in the brain and expand the memory web. For instance, remembering the points of a speech about a military battle might involving walking from one room to another in a familiar house.
Section Ⅲ Writing 60、Directions:
Read the following statement and write an essay on it. In your essay, you should 1) state your opinion, and 2) support it with examples.
\"The man who reads well is the man who thinks well, who has a background for opinion and a stand for judgment.\"
You should write 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 答案:
Section Ⅰ Listening Part A
1、 Tuesday [听力原文]
It's 8 o'clock on Tuesday, May 1st. Here is the news: Between the hours of T: 00 and 8:00 P. M. last night, five thieves broke into the country house of Lord and Lady Chest-field on an island. They entered by a window at the rear of the house and surprised the owners who were watching television in the drawing room. After disconnecting the telephone and tying up Lord and Lady Chest-field, the thieves escaped with 16 precious paintings. The market value of such art works have been estimated at somewhere around 4 million pounds. Lord and Lady Chest-field were not seriously harmed but have been treated for shock in the hospital.
Early this morning a woman with a Scottish accent telephoned the Times in London to say that the Chest-field Organization for Freedom had claimed the responsibility for the theft. This is the third time this year that this organization has claimed the responsibility for an act of this kind. The organization defends all the farmers on the island. The farmers were forced to leave their lands
when Lord Chest-field, their landlord, refused to renew their traditional lease last year in order to
extend the reservation area for birds.2、 five 3、16 4、 shock 5、 lease
Part B
6、 registration has closed [听力原文]
W: I want to register for this mathematics course. M: I'm sorry registration has closed.
W: Closed? The clerk told me I could come back and register any time during the first week of classes.
M: Well, that's not possible. The computer's official student account has already been sent to the state. And that's what our budget is based on. Who told you that anyway?
W: Some woman here when I tried to register three weeks ago. She said I just had to pay a late fee.
M: She must have been a temporary worker. They don't have much training. Why didn't you register then?
W: She said I couldn't until I had my birth certificate. Here it is. M: Your birth certificate?
W: Well, I'm a new part-time student. So she asked for identification. I don't drive so I don't have a driver's license.
M: Huh. That's no reason to demand a birth certificate. We only need to establish residency: a phone bill with your name and address on it would've been fine.
W: Really? Only prove of my address?
M: Yes. I'm afraid she gave you the wrong in for motion. Still you'll have to wait and take your math's class next semester.
W: But that's unfair.
M: Well, I sympathize with your problem, but frankly, I don't think there is anything anyone can do for you. You were trapped in the system, If you want to, you can talk to the director. She will help you ifs he can.
W: Great.
M: Don't get your hopes up.7、 the first week 8、 a temporary worker 9、 The student's address. 10、 The director.
Part C 11、A [听力原文]
Professor Smith is explaining to his student, Ann, why it's improper to call a computer an, \"electronic brain\".
Professor: I'm afraid, Ann, you're not very accurate when you call a computer an \"electronic brain.\"
Ann: Oh? But professor, you see, most people do.
Professor: Yes, it was given that title by some misguided journalists not long after the first modem electronic computer was built in 1946.
Ann: It's electronic, professor, so you must be objecting to the word \"brain\"?
Professor: Exactly, Ann. There are similarities with the human brain, but there is one very important difference.
Ann: You mean the computer is better?
Professor: In some way, yes; but not in something that is quite fundamental. Ann: Let me think. Do you mean the fact that the machine is controlled by man?
Professor: Full marks. You see, despite all its accomplishments, the so-called electronic brain must be programmed by a human brain.
Ann: Programmed? What do you mean?
Professor: A program is a sequence of instructions prepared for the computer, enabling the computer to solve a given program. The point is that a human tells the machine what to do, when to do and how it is done.
Ann: I see. Do you program information for the computer's memory?
Professor: Yes, except that the word memory has rather gone out of fashion. The computer doesn't really remember. Information is stored in it. Well, let's go to the computer room and I'll show you how a computer works.
Ann: OK, it's very kind of you.12、B 13、C 14、D [听力原文]
Is there a dark side to the computer revolution? Do computers threaten the health of our society? You may have negative answers. The truth of the matter, however, is that any new technology—computers included—has a \"dark\" side.
Look at the internal combustion engine, for example. Everyone knows how cars, trucks
changed the way people lived. But it also brought problems along with it. Cars are deadly weapons in the right hands of poor drivers. Their exhaust gases pollute the air. The problems posed by the computer revolution are quite different of course.
Many assembly line jobs, for example, will be taken over by robots and computerised
machinery. Since many of these jobs are boring and even dangerous, that seems like a step in the direction. But it's a big worry to the people whose jobs are threatened.
Quite a different problem, but one that is causing growing concern, is that computers may violate people's privacy. Almost everyone agrees that it is necessary to share information that
government agencies have gathered and stored in their computers, in order to track down criminals, and stop waste. But almost everyone, at the same time doesn't agree that every government should have access to the computer files of every other government agency.
Yet another problem is computer crime. Clever criminals are finding ways to break computer codes and transfer millions of dollars to their accounts.
The list could go on. But if we want computers to work for us, we'll have to find ways to keep people from using computers against us, as we deal with the problems the vehicles cause instead of giving up the vehicles.15、B 16、A
17、C [听力原文]
M: Um, Mary, could you tell me how to use this cassette recorder, please? W: OK. Well, first of all, you have to plug it into the power supply. M: Yeah,I see.
W: Once you've done that...you don't need to switch anything on. M: How do you open it?
W: Well, you have to press the little button that says eject. M: This one here?
W: That's right. That's it. M: Like that?
W: Yeah. After you've done that, then you load the cassette. Make sure that you've got the right side of the tape facing you and not away from you. Then you should close the cassette flap.
M: Like that?
W: Yeah, that's right. And then you must remember to press the play button to set it to work. M: That one on the right? W: Yes, that's it. M: Like that?
W: Right! It won't go down unless you push hard. M: I know. Those old models are all like that. W: That's just what you must do.
M: Yes. But how about this red thing here?
W: That's the record switch. Be careful not to press it when you're playing, because if you do you'll wipe off whatever is on the tape.
M: Oh, I see. So that's the record and this is the rewind.
W: Exactly. If you want to rewind, then you have to press it down. M: And then stop it here.
W: That's it. You've got it.18、A 19、D
Section Ⅱ Reading Part A 20、which
[解析] 此空前一句意为“行走就像游泳、骑自行车和跑步是一种有氧运动”，此空所在句意为“……通过增加给皮肤和肌肉的供氧而塑造更大的肺活量和耐力。”由这两句可知，此空应填which，which引导定语从句，修饰“anaerobic exercise”。
[参考译文] 行走就像游泳、骑自行车和跑步一样，是一种有氧运动，可以通过给皮肤和肌肉增加供氧而塑造更大的肺活量和耐力。这样的运动可能是防止心脏和血液循环疾病的一个主要因素。
作为可能是最不费力气、最安全的有氧运动，绝大多数人认为行走可以接受。以舒适的速度行走可以通过激活肺部和心脏增强心肺系统的效率，但比起大多数其他的锻炼形式，行走的速度更为舒缓。
在一项测试中，一组40到57岁的男子每周4天快速行走40分钟，与同样年龄每周同期进行3次30分钟慢跑的男子收到了同样的改善效果。他们的正常心率和身体脂肪明显降低。这些变化表明行走可以带来重要的，甚至是关键的益处。
行走也可以燃烧热量。获得或失去一磅重量需要消耗3500卡热量。因为以中等速度走一小时的路程将会消耗300到360卡的热量。每隔一天行走一小时，则每月可以减去一磅半的脂肪，或者说一年可以减去18磅脂肪，只要您每日摄入的食物量不变。为了更快减去体重，每天行走一小时，那么每月就可以减去3磅脂肪，一年就是36磅。
不管您的年龄有多大，现在都应该花同样时间考虑身体和养老金或保险。行走是一种关键的抵御疾病和抗衰老的方法。它是自然界给您的一种调整的方式。
21、prevention
[解析] 本句意为“这样的运动可能是……心脏和血液循环疾病的一个主要因素。”显然，此空应填“防止”。
22、most
[解析] 由本句中的“the least strenuous，safest...”可知，此空应填表示程度的最高级，再由acceptable exercise“接受的运动”可知应填most。
23、at
[解析] “以舒适的速度行走”英文应是“walking at a comfortable speed”，介词应用at。 24、by
[解析] 显然，由本句句意可知此空应填一个表示“通过”的介词，应用by。 25、walking
[解析] 由上两段可知，该短文主要讲述步行的好处，此处做试验，肯定是测试步行。 26、equal
[解析] equal to意为“等于”，由句意“显示出……同样年龄的男人每周在同样时段进行3次慢跑。”可知，此空应填“等于”。
27、significantly
[解析] 由本句句意“他们的正常心率和身体脂肪减少……”可知，此空应填一个副词，修饰decreased，该副词意思应为“显著地，明显地”。
28、also
[解析] 本句意为“步行……燃烧脂肪。”由上几段可知，这是步行的另一个好处，故此空应填“也”。 29、burn
[解析] 本句意为“因为以中等速度走1小时的路将会……300至360卡的能量。”显然，此空应填“燃烧”。“燃烧”英文表达为“burn up”。
30、yearly
[解析] 由a pound-and-a-half monthly可知，18 pounds必定比monthly周期长，而且通过计算可知为yearly。
31、lose
[解析] 本句意为“为了更快…重量，每天走一小时……”，显然，走路是为了减轻重量，而不是增加重量。
32、give
[解析] 由此空前面的“…to give your…”可知，此空也应填give，意为“花同样时间考虑身体和养老金或保险。”
33、against
[解析] 本句意为“步行是一种关键的防御……疾病和衰老。”显然，此空应填“抵抗，抵御”。 34、way
[解析] 本句意为“这是自然界给你的一种调整的……”显然，此空应填“方式，方法”。 Part B Text 1 35、C
[参考译文] 许多描述货币政策的说法，像“引导经济软着陆”或“轻微抑制”，听起来像是一门精确的科学。事实上远非如此。利率和通货膨胀之间的关系是不确定的。并且在政策变动对经济产生影响之前，会有漫长多变的滞后期。所以有这样一个类比，把货币政策行为比作驾驶一辆挡风漆黑，后视镜碎裂，方向盘失灵的汽车。
尽管有这么多的不利条件，中央银行工作人员似乎仍有很多东西去吹嘘。有一年7个工业大国的平均通货膨胀率降至2.3%，接近30年来的最低点，下一年7月略有回升，至2.5%。这和许多国家70年代和80年代初经历的两位数的通货膨胀率相比，可是大大降低了。
这比大多数预言者们预测的也低多了。1994年底《经济学家》杂志每个月都要对其进行意见调查的经济学家小组说，美国的平均通货膨胀率到1995年将达3.5%。事实上，8月份通货膨胀率降至2.6%，预期全年平均值也只有大约3%。英国和日本的通货膨胀率比去年年底预期的要低0.5个百分点。这并非昙花一现；在过去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率持续低于预期水平。
经济学家们尤其对英美两国的可喜的通货膨胀数字感到惊讶，因为传统判断方法显示两国经济，尤其是美国经济，并没有多少可供充分利用的闲置资源。例如，美国对生产力的利用能力在今年早些时候达到历史最高水平，而且失业率(8月份是5.6%)降至低于多数对正常失业率的估计值的水平——过去在正常失业率水平通货膨胀率是会激增的。
为什么通货膨胀率增长缓慢呢?很不幸，最令人感到惊奇的解释其实有点问题。有些经济学家认为，世界格局的剧变已使过去以经济增长和通货膨胀之间的历史联系为基础的旧经济模式倒转过来。
[解析] 文章第一段提到了：And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. 政策对经济的影响有一个长期的间隔期。即政策的变化不会立刻影响经济。
36、D
[解析] 从文章可知：选项A：通货膨胀和银行存款利率之间关系明确。错误，文章说：The relation between interest rates and inflation is uncertain。选项B：经济总是跟随某种潮流。错误，文章没提到。选项C：当前的经济问题完全被预测到了。错误，当前的经济形式比预测的要好。选项D：目前的经济形式比预料的要好。
37、B
[解析] 文章表明：选项A：先前的经济模式仍然适用。错误，与文章最后一段意思相反。选项B：极端的低失业率导致通货膨胀。正确，由第四段最后一句话可知，极低的失业率会导致通货膨胀。选项C：通货膨胀导致高失业率。错误。选项D：银行利率对经济有直接影响。错误，没涉及。
38、A
[解析] no flash in the pan“昙花一现”。这种低通货膨胀不是昙花一现，即低通货膨胀还会继续。 39、D
[解析] 吃惊，因为形势比预测的要好。 Text 2 40、D
[解析] 推理题。第一段最后一句话指出了疫苗短缺所暴露出来的问题。\"This re-emphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply,\" says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information. \"and the lack of redundancy in our system.\"“这再次凸显出我们疫苗供应的脆弱性，”全国免疫信息网的马丁·迈尔斯医生说，“此外，我们也没有必要的补救机制。”这与D项的说法一致。故选D。
[参考译文] 流感疫苗短缺在美国不足为奇，但今年的短缺传闻却是一个弥天大谎。到上周为止，好像还有1亿美国人能在今年秋季接种流感疫苗。紧接着，英国当局因为担心一家位于利物浦的生产厂的质量控制问题而禁止所有Chiron Corp公司的产品供应。一夜之间，美国的疫苗供应量减少了近一半——而联邦卫生官员也发现他们正在提出一项不同寻常的请求：不是请求我们去注射疫苗，而是敦促那些年龄在2-64岁之间的绝大多数健康人不去注射疫苗。“这再次凸显出我们疫苗供应的脆弱性，”全国免疫信息网的马丁·迈尔斯医生说，“此外，我们也没有必要的补救机制。”
为什么这种基本的保健服务会如此不堪一击呢?主要原因是私人公司生产积极性不高。生产每一份流感疫苗，生产商都要在一枚受精两星期的鸡蛋中培育活病毒，然后打破鸡蛋，提取病毒和用来激发免疫反应的蛋白质。利润率低，需求不稳定，此外由于每年的流感病毒不同，剩余的疫苗只能报废。因此，美国目前只有两家大的供应商(Chiron crop和Aventis Pasteur)——当其中一家公司遇到麻烦时，另一家公司也无能为力。“疫苗生产商根本不可能打个电话多要4000万个受精鸡蛋，”在康涅狄格一家蛋白质科学公司工作的马农·考克斯说，“整个鸡蛋生产都是按计划进行的。什么时间生产多少鸡蛋都是已经预先计划好的。”
目前的生产已经采用更好的技术。专家们希望今年的教训能够加快技术革新的步伐。最大的挑战是如何将疫苗生产从鸡蛋培育转向细胞培育——该技术已经广泛应用于其他大部分疫苗的生产。用细胞培育技术生产流感疫苗比生产其他大部分疫苗难度更大。尽管如此，几家生物技术公司正在进行这方面的尝试。索马尔Invivac医药公司研制的一种基于细菌培育技术的产品已经获准在欧洲销售。
对美国来说，当务之急是要利用好有限的流感疫苗。政府预计，尽管上周发布了自愿限制公告，仍有9500万人有资格注射疫苗。这个数字几乎是医院临床流感疫苗库存量的两倍。但正常情况下，每年仅有6000万美国人接种流感疫苗。事实上，许多专家希望这次疫苗短缺问题能成为一次提高公民道德意识的活动——鼓励那些确实需要注射疫苗的人们去注射。
41、A
[解析] 语义题。在第三段最后一句\"one culture-based product(Solvay Pharmaceuticals，Invivac) has been cleared for marketing in Europe\"里出现了cleared一词。根据下文中“marketing”和药品上市前应该得到批准的常识，可以判断出，该词在本句中的意思是“得到官方的批准”。故选A。
42、A
[解析] 细节题。第二段第二句“Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it.”意思是说私企生产流感疫苗的积极性不高。接下来作者介绍了制作疫苗的复杂工序，由此可以推断出流感疫苗生产工艺复杂、成本高。第二段第4-5行\"Profit margins are narrow, demand is fickle and, because each year's flu virus is different，any leftover vaccine goes to waste.\"又明确指出了私企不愿意生产流感疫苗的其他原因：利润率低、需求不稳定，此外由于流感病毒每年都不同，因此生产数量不能过大。由此也可推断出生产的风险性大，如果生产多了就会损失很大。故选A。
43、B
[解析] 推理题。由第四段第二句\"The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week.\"中可以知道有9500万人有资格注射疫苗。根据第四段第三句\"That's nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year\"和前一句可以推断出美国现有大约4700万份流感疫苗库存，由此可推断出美国至少还有4700多万有资格注射疫苗的人无法得到注射。故选B。
44、B
[解析] 细节题。从第一段倒数第二句\"Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated, they're now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to.\"可以判断出美国只呼吁2-64岁的健康人不接种流感疫苗，而不是所有的美国人，因此答案A是错误的。从第二段最后一句可以看出疫苗生产厂家无法临时增加疫苗生产量不是由于他们不愿意，而是由于受精鸡蛋的生产已经预先计划好，无法提供更多的受精鸡蛋，由此可见C项是错误的。从第三段第三句“Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way”可以判断出D项是错误的，因为流感疫苗比别的疫苗更难用细菌培育的方式生产。而由第三段第二句“The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures—a medium already used to make most other vaccines.”以及上一句可见，改造疫苗生产工艺的关键在于革新病毒培育技术，因此B项是正确的。
Text 3
45、B
[参考译文] 几年前，有人担心投资者们将一家又一家的媒体公司买下又让它们负债，最终会导致生意失败。结果证明，一些投资者果然走向了自我毁灭。8月17日，读者文摘有限公司，作为全美覆盖率最广的出版商，宣布申请破产保护，并对22亿美元债务进行重组。
《读者文摘》现已成为全球产业：它创造了在美国将近一半的财政收入。大多数收入来源于市场以及各种产品的销售，比如红酒，维生素和书籍。
《读者文摘》于20世纪20年代创办，内容主要以刊登书籍的内容摘要，或者从其他刊物上节选“热议文章”为主。渐渐地，杂志开始刊登社论，还配有稍显单调的插图。该杂志强调共同的价值观和向正能量学习——理查德·尼克松和罗纳德·里根都是它忠实的读者。在20世纪70年代，它一个月售出了1800万册。《华尔街日报》曾将它描述成《圣经》以来最成功的出版物。
然而，危机出现了。杂志开始依赖于竞争和赌博，尤其是对青年订阅者的引诱。迫于大众和法律的压力被迫离开出版界后，《读者文摘》尝试将自己打造成以名人生活为重心的杂志。虽然付出了巨大的努力(以及高额的代价)，却依然没能阻止发行量的急剧下滑。现在，美国国内的发行量为820万册——比《惬意家庭和花园》多不了多少。
近来，《读者文摘》就发行目标锁定在550万册，并将目标范围扩大至所有读者。内容方面，改为关注中心区域家庭的价值以及实用性方面。其他内容也都集中于类似的话题。2006年，公司成功推出了一类由欢乐厨师瑞切尔·芮恩主打的简单易学的烹饪杂志。年初，它还同撰写《目标驱使的生活》一书的作者瑞克·沃伦组成出版联盟。这本书曾被有人花言巧语地评价为自《圣经》以来最好的书籍。沃伦先生虽然比较保守，但明显不是一位政客。
这无疑是聪明之举。因为生活在中心区域的人有很多，而不仅仅是在美国。《读者文摘》的这种提炼复杂争议的天赋在当下信息过载的时代里应该显得更具价值。根据《媒体周刊》报道，在过去的一年里，《每天跟瑞切尔·芮恩学烹饪》和美国出版的《读者文摘》已经将损失减少了将近十分之一的广告页面——此竞争对手要少得多。如果《读者文摘》能够从可怕的债务中逃脱出来，这家最正统的出版公司就能存在得更长久一些。
[解析] 该题为细节题。由第一段第一句“A few years ago it was feared that the investors buying up one media company after another and loading them with debt would ruin their purchases.”可知，几年前，有人担心投资者们将一家又一家的媒体公司买下又让它们负债，最终会导致生意失败。随后提到一些投资者果然以失败告终，故选B。
46、D
[解析] 该题为细节题。由第三段第三句“The magazine emphasized common values and leaned to the right—Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan were fans.”可知，该杂志强调共同的价值观和向正能量学习——理查德·尼克松和罗纳德·里根都是它忠实的读者。故选D。
47、C
[解析] 该题为细节题。由第四段第三句“Forced out of that business by public and legal pressure, Reader's Digest attempted to reinvent itself as a celebrity-heavy lifestyle magazine.”可知，迫于大众和法律的压力被迫离开出版界后，《读者文摘》尝试将自己打造成以名人生活为重心的杂志。因此，来自于法律方面的压力成为了杂志发展的问题之一，故选C。
48、A
[解析] 该题为细节题。由第五段第一、二句“These days Reader's Digest is aiming for a
circulation of about 5.5million, having dropped the notion of being all things to all readers. Instead it will emphasize the heartland values of family and practicality.”可知，近来《读者文摘》就发行目标锁定在550万册，并将目标范围扩大至所有读者。内容方面，改为关注中心区域家庭的价值以及实用性方面。故选A。
49、C
[解析] 该题为推理题。由最后一段中的“This is wise...talent...ought to be more valuable...have lost less than...escape that troublesome debt, the least sexy of publishing companies ought to be around for a while yet.”可知，作者对《读者文摘》目前的改变持积极态度，对其业务能力也是肯定的，再加上第三方媒体对其盈利方面的评估，作者在最后又用了“the least sexy of(最正统的)”来形容它，不难看出作者对《读者文摘》的未来充满了希望。故选C。
Part C 50、
[参考译文] 当地面上什么东西都看不到，考古学家怎么知道该去哪里寻找他们要找的东西呢?通常，他们会在大片区域做测量和取样(做实验性的挖掘)来决定在哪里挖掘会得到最有用的信息。测量和取样对于了解包含考古遗址的更广阔地貌也变得非常重要。
一些考古遗址很容易被发现一例如，希腊雅典的帕特农神庙，埃及的吉萨金字塔以及英格兰南部的巨石阵。但是这些遗址是特例。大多数考古遗址是通过认真的搜寻才找到的，而还有许多其他的遗址是意外发现的。奥杜威峡谷，坦桑尼亚的早期原始人类遗址，是被一个捉蝴蝶的人发现的，他1911年跌入奥杜威峡谷的深谷。数以千计的阿兹特克文物是在20世纪70年代挖掘墨西哥城的地铁时发现的。
然而，大多数考古遗址都是在考古学家的努力寻找之下发现的。这样的寻找可能需要好几年的时间。英国考古学家霍华德·卡特通过在其他遗址得到的信息得知埃及法老图坦卡蒙墓的存在。卡特在帝王谷的碎石中仔细搜寻了七年，终于在1922年找到了他的坟墓。在19世纪末期，英国考古学家阿瑟·埃文爵士把希腊雅典的古董商店梳理了一遍。他在寻找于公元前15世纪到13世纪统治希腊的古迈锡尼文明的小印章。埃文对这些雕刻的解读最终使他1900年发现了克里特岛的克诺索斯的米诺斯王宫。
为了发现遗址，考古学家现在严重依赖系统的测量方法和各种各样的高科技工具和技术。机载技术，例如由飞机或太空飞船携带的各种各样的雷达和拍照设备使考古学家们能够无需挖掘就了解到地下埋藏着什么。航空勘测可以发现遗址所在的大致区域，或者更大的埋藏特征，例如古建筑或田野。
地面测量使考古学家精确地找到挖掘应该会成功的地点。大多数地面测量包括大量的步行、寻找地面的线索，例如陶器的细小碎片。它们经常包括在一片区域内选取定点进行挖掘取样。考古学家还能通过使用诸如地面雷达、磁场纪录和金属探测器等技术找到遗迹。考古学家通常使用计算机绘制遗址地图以及附近的地形图。二维或三维的地图对规划挖掘、展示遗址样貌和展示考古研究结果来说部是有用的工具。
测量可能包括单一的大型定居点或者完整的地形。曾经，许多研究者通过航空拍摄和徒步测量，在洪都拉斯的古代科潘玛雅城发现了几百处小村庄和定居点。最后生成的定居地地图展示了当科潘瓦解时，围绕城市的农村人口的分布和密度如何在公元500年至850年之间戏剧性地变迁。
在另外一个案例中，美国考古学家雷内·米利翁和乔治·考吉尔花费教年时间系统地绘制了位于墨西哥峡谷、邻近今天墨西哥城所在地的特奥蒂瓦坎古城的地图。在公元600年前后，这座古城处于鼎盛时期，并成为当时全世界最大的人类定居点之一。研究者不仅绘制了城市广阔而华丽的礼仪区域，还包括了几百处普通人居住的简单的公寓建筑。
[解析] 本题是总分关系题。该空格位于文章的起始。空格之后的A项提到“一些考古遗址很容易发现”，“但是这些遗址是特例。大多数考古遗址是通过认真的搜寻才找到的，而许多其他的遗址是意外发现的。”而E项提到“为了发现遗址，考古学家现在严重依赖系统的测量方法和各种各样的高科技工具和技术”，可见空格处所填入的句子应该起到总领全文的作用，即概括地说明考古学家使用测量和取样的方法进行考古发现，浏览所有选项，只有C项适合作为主题段，先提出全文要解决的问题，然后给出总括性的解释。
51、
[解析] 本题是顺接关系题。该空格位于全文第三段。第二段作者提到“一些考古遗址很容易发现”，“但是这些遗址是特例”并举例说明肉眼可见的遗址，以及“大多数考古遗址是通过认真的搜寻才找到的，而许多其他的遗址是意外发现的”，并举例说明意外发现的遗址，而第四段E段转而谈论考古学家运用何种方法进行考古发现，由此可以推断此段意义与前段构成顺接关系，空格处可能会举例说明“大多数考古遗址是通过认真的搜寻才找到的”，F项捉到“大多数考古遗址都是在考古学家的努力寻找之下发现的。这样的寻找可能需要好几年的时间”，并用两个例子进行支撑。
52、
[解析] 本题是顺接关系题。该空格位于全文第五段。空格之前的E段指出“为了发现遗址，考古学家现在严重依赖系统的测量方法和各种各样的高科技工具和技术”，并举例说明了“机载技术”和“航空勘测”两种测量方法，而G段继续介绍地面测量和计算机绘制遗址地图以及附近的地形图在考古过程中的重要作用，与前段构成顺接关系。
53、
[解析] 本题是顺接关系题。该段位于全文第六段。空格之前已经介绍了除了少数特例之外，大多数考古遗址都是在考古学家的努力寻找之下发现的，并且介绍了考古学家运用各种测量方法和先进的科学技术做出考古发现，而D段继续介绍测量的不同方式，包括单一的定居点或者包括完整的地域风貌，并举例说明考古学家如何通过测绘单一定居点的方式完成考古发现。
54、
[解析] 本题是顺接关系题。该空格位于全文第七段。空格之前的D段已经介绍了考古测量可以包括单一的定居点或者完整的地域风貌，并举例说明考古学家如何通过测绘单一定居点的方式完成考古发现，B项中的in another case正是空格之前D段中in one case的顺接关键词，同时该段也举例介绍了另外一种测量方式，即通过测绘完整的地域风貌完成考古发现。
Part D
55、生理上，当大脑细胞被记忆过程激发，每一次重复都使神经细胞的表层变得越来越厚，其加强了大脑中构成记忆的电子通道。 56、当通道重复使用，周围的细胞会变大，并且更紧密地围绕在电子通道周围，从而将短期记忆变成长期记忆。 57、通过形成创造性的和不寻常联系的记忆，更多的通道被建立，与一只蜘蛛织造一张更大的网很相似，网络上的每个部分都通过互相连接的通道通向中心。 58、的确，有些人似乎能够通过看、听、写当中的一种方法进行更有效的学习，但是没有一种方法能比三种方法结合使用提供更多的通道。 59、激起回忆的物体需要和人体大小一致，因此，即使我们是盲人，也能够通过触摸来辨认物体。
Section Ⅲ Writing 60、[高分范文]
\"The man who reads well is the man who thinks well, who has a background for opinion and a stand for judgment.\" From this statement we can see that reading is essential for thinking.
We are encouraged to think independently from early ages. Nowadays the creative talents are needed badly. Creativity is advocated as the key factor for development. It seems that thinking is more important. But what is the source of thinking? Only by knowing more can we think more deeply. Reading provides us a basis for thinking and a stand for judgment. The more a man reads, the better a man thinks.
Confucius sets a good example for us. By reading extensively, he set up the Confucian school. Confucianism has been the most influencial ideology in China. All the thoughts and opinions of Confucius must have their sources—reading.
To sum up, both thinking and reading are important, but reading is more important for it is the basis of thinking. No one can succeed without quick mind. And no one can have a quick mind without reading more.
[写作点金]
写这类文章关键在于理解所给句子的意思。一般来说，写作步骤可以分为三部分：首先表明自己的观点，支持还是反对所给题目，文字要简洁，让读者明白你的观点即可。然后通过举例支持你的观点，举例同时可以联系实际，这样更有说服力。最后写一些总结性的话语。
[写作点金]
1.The man who reads well is the man who thinks well. 一个人读书好才能思考好。 2.From this statement we can see... 从这句话我们可以认识到… 3.set a good example for... 为…树立好榜样 4.to sum up 总的来讲
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