介词讲解及练习(含答案)
一、单项选择介词
1.On Wednesday, the World Health Organization announced that the number of people killed by Ebola has now risen to over five thousand, with more than fourteen thousand ______.
A.having infected B.to infect
C.infected D.infecting
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:考查with的复合结构。With+宾语+宾补,宾语补足语可以是不定式(表将来),过去分词(表被动或完成),现在分词(表主动或进行)。主句时态为一般过去时,动作已完成。句意:世界卫生组织宣布因埃博拉病毒致死的人数截止上周三达到了五千多人,并有超过一万四千人感染病毒。故选C。
考点:考查with的复合结构
2.Bless your heart, I know you didn’t break the vase ________. Don’t cry!
A.on purpose B.by accident
C.on business D.by mistake
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词短语。句意:好了好了,我知道你不是故意打破花瓶的。别哭了!A.故意地;B.偶然;C.出差;D.错误地。根据Don’t cry!可知,打破花瓶不是故意的。故选A。
3.A great man shows his greatness _____ the way he treats little man.
A.under B.with C.on D.by
【答案】D
【解析】
考查介词的用法。“借助某种方法和手段”常用“by ”; 而\"with\" 强调使用工具,常与 with this method 搭配。
4.Soon after dinner, Wayne drove off ______ the direction of Paris.
A.to B.at C.for D.in
【答案】D
【解析】
考查介词。in the direction of朝……方向。句意:晚餐后不久,Wayne开车朝巴黎方向驶去。
5.Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library a book about it.
A.on B.at C.for D.to
【答案】C
【解析】
on在上面, 通过某种媒介;at在一点;for为了;to到, 向. 句意:在你去一个有趣的地方游玩之前, 去你们当地的图书馆找一本关于它的书看看. 本句中需注意in your local library是插入语, 作地点状语, 故选C, look for寻找.
【考点定位】介词辨析.
6. passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.
A.For . B.Without C.Beneath D.By
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词辨析。句意:没有激情,人们就不会有创新思维所必须的动机和快乐。A. For 对于;B. Without没有; C. Beneath在……下面 ; D. By通过。没有激情,人们就不会有创新思维所必须的动机和快乐。所以空处填介词without。故填without。
7.Lucia impressed her peer students with her musical talent, as well as several foreign languages ______.
A.on her own her command
B.under her control C.in her charge D.at
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。A. on her own靠她自己;B. under her control在她的控制下;C. in her charge由她负责;D. at her command听她的吩咐,掌握。句意:露西娅
以其音乐天赋以及掌握的几种外语给同学们留下了深刻的印象。根据句意并结合所给选项可知,此处用at her command表示“掌握”,故选D。
8.— How do you think of my composition?
— Almost perfect ________ one spelling mistake.
A.but B.except C.except for D.besides
【答案】C
【解析】
C 考察连词辨析。句义:你认为我的作文怎么样?除了一些拼写错误,几乎很完美。Except for表示整体与局部的关系。如All the essays are well
written except Nelson's. Nelson的文章(除去的)和All the essays(非除去的)是同类事物,所以用except。except for表示除去的和非除去的不是同类事物,并且从语气上通常表示遗憾。如:His essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes. a few spelling mistakes (除去的)和His essay(非除去的)是不同类的事物。(3)but与except同义,但but多与every,any,no等或由这些词构成的复合词(如everything,anywhere,nobody)以及all,none之后,如:The children go to school everyday but Sunday.
9.In salute to our national flag, every citizen must stand while focusing their eyes on the rising flag.
A.at ease B.at random C.at attention D.at hand
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:向国旗致敬时,每位公民必须立正,眼睛注视着升起的国旗。A. at ease安逸;B. at random随便地;C. at attention全神贯注;D. at hand在手边。stand at attention“立正”符合句意。故选C项
10.The unemployment rate has decreased _____ 2% to 5.4%, compared with 7.4 % last year.
A.by B.from C.with D.on
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:失业率与去年的7.4%相比,已经到了5.4%,下降了2%。从句意可知此处指失业率下降了,by可以指相差的程度,选A。
考点:考查介词用法
11.“We’ve never sold anyone’s data,” Zuckerberg, Facebook CEO, said_______British lawmaker Damian Collins, who released some emails between Facebook and other tech companies.
A.in response to B.in contrast to
C.in proportion to D.in addition to
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:“我们从未售卖任何人的数据”,脸书CEO扎克伯格回复英国立法者Damian Collins说,其公开了在脸谱网和其他科技公司之间一些电子邮件的。A. in response to回复;B. in contrast to与... ...相反;C. in proportion to与... ...成比例;D. in addition to除... ...之外(还)。故选A。
12.The Christmas gifts need to be ready next Friday.
A.by B.of C.in D.at
【答案】A
【解析】
在表示时间时,by表示到……为止;of表示所有关系;in表示在一个时间范围;at表示在几点钟。句意:到下周五为止,圣诞礼物需要准备好。结合语境可知选A。
13.Britain is a \"second-rate power\" which has been ________ for a century—yet London remains the most influential city in the world.
A.in decline B.in effect
C.on the move D.on the rise
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:考查词组。in decline一般是数量上的,如销售额下降,战争减少。但也指“国家衰落”等;in effect有效,实际上,事实上;on the move在行动,在移动中,在进步中,流动;on the rise在上涨[增长],蓬勃高涨。句意:虽然英国作为曾经的第二大帝国已经衰落了将近一个世纪,但是伦敦仍然是世界上最有影响力的城市。故选A项。
考点:考查词组
14.People who want the typist’s job will be judged ______ how accurate and fast they are.
A.in favor of B.in terms of C.in ways of D.in spite of
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语。A. in favor of 有利于,支持;B. in terms of 依据,按照;C. in ways of 以…方式;D. in spite of尽管,不管。句意:想要打字员工作的人,会根据他们的准确和快速来判断。表示依据,按照,故选B.
15.The train is ________ schedule. You’ll have to wait another fifteen minutes.
A.in B.behind
C.across D.off
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词。A. in在……里面;B. behind在……后面;C. across穿过;D. off离开。句意:火车晚点了,你必须再等十五分钟。behind schedule晚点;落后于预定计划;误期;误点。根据语境可知,故选B。
16.When we met again 20 years later, we chatted a lot _______ tea.
A.for B.in
C.over D.during
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词。句意:20年后我们再次见面时,我们喝茶聊了许多。over tea“喝茶”,故选C。
17.When reading the lines, readers can connect the literature to their own experience.
A.with B.for
C.beyond D.on
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:当读者读出言外之意时,他们可以将文学与他们自己的经历联系起来。reading beyond thelines“言外之意”是固定短语。故选C。
18.Stan Lee, an outstanding comic-book writer, created plenty of
superheroes in his works, _________ the Spider-man and the X-men are the most famous.
A.for them B.for which C.of them D.of which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词+关系代词。句意:斯坦·李,一位杰出的漫画作家,在他的作品中创造了大量的超级英雄,其中最著名的是蜘蛛侠和x战警。分析句子可知,本句works为先行词,在后面定语从句中,作介词的宾语,所以用关系代词which, 根据句意可知,介词为of表示“...的”。故D选项正确。
【点睛】
如何使用“介词+关系代词”结构
对于“介词+关系代词”结构的使用,重点是要弄清其中的介词如何确定和判断。归纳起来,有以下几点方法:
1. 根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。如:
Water is the natural medium in which fish live. 水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。(注意搭配live in)
注意,对于那些由动词与介词构成的短语动词,通常不宜将它们拆开使用,此时应注意介词的位置应。如:
The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.
不能说成:The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.
2. 根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。如:
Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested. 物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。(注意搭配 be interested in)
3. 根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。如:
This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk. 这是我们的教室,前面有老师的讲台。(注意搭配 in the front of our classroom)
4. 根据句意来确定介词的使用。如:
This is the book from which I got the story. 这就是那本书,从中我读到这个故事。(由于句意含有“从……”的意思,所以用介词 from)
分析句子可知,本句works为先行词,在后面等于从句中,作介词的宾语,所以用关系代词which, 根据句意可知,介词为of表示“...的”。故D选项正确.
19.I am always delighted to receive your letters. ______ being short, they bring much relief when I know that you are safe.
A.In terms of B.With regard to
C.On account of D.In spite of
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:收到你的来信我总是很高兴。虽然很短,但当我知道你平安无事时,它们给我带来了很大的安慰。A. In terms of依据;B. With regard to关于;C. On account of由于;D. In spite of尽管,根据题意,故选D。
20. a low monthly income,Ni Chao makes up his mind to make a charity donation of l0000 yuan every year.
A.In spite of possession of
B.In case of C.In terms of D.In
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:尽管每月收入低,倪昭还是下决心要每年捐款l0000元。A. In spite of 尽管;B. In case of万一;C. In terms of从……方面来说;D .In possession of拥有。故选A。
考点: 考查介词短语的用法。
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