虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表： 条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实相should /would/could/might + have had + 过去分词 反 + 过去分词 与现在事实相一般过去时(be用would/should/could/might + 动词反 原形 were) 一般过去时或与将来事实相would/should/could/might + 动词should(were to) + 动反 原形 词原形 例句： （1）表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
（2）表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
（3）表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow. 1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：
Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. 3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：
But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college. 二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。
（一）should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：
1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible. He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：The general sent the order that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan. 3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：
It’s requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately. （二）过去时态类
英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。
1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs. I would rather you could teach me again. 2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man. He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如： If only I had passed the test！ If only it stopped raining！
4. It is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。如： It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment. 三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如： Would you mind smoking here？ May you be lucky！
Long live the people of China！ God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1．--- With the failure of the experiment, we have reached a dead end.
--- Cheer up! Many good things would never have happened if the bad events________ first. A．don’t happen C．hadn’t happened 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。上句：由于实验失败，我们已到了穷途末路。下句：振作起来！很多好事从来不会发生，如果坏事首先没有发生的话。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，句子用过去完成时态。故选C。 【名师点睛】 If引导的虚拟语气
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“ if+ 主语 + 动词的过去式（ be 动词用 were ），主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如： If the weather were fine, we would go to Shanghai. 如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好）
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。如： If I had taken his advice, I shouldn't / wouldn't / couldn't have made such a mistake.如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。
3.表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to +动词原形，主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如： The glass would break if you dropped it. 杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来）
B．didn’t happen D．haven’t happened
2．If the president had visited the hospital this morning, it ________ the headline in tomorrow's paper. A．will be 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
试题分析：考查虚拟语气的用法。由had visited可以判断条件状语从句里是对过去的虚拟，而由tomorrow's paper可以看出主句是对将来的虚拟，谓语应该用过去式(用be 时用were不能用was)或were to do；故选B
虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer now, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now.
B．could be
C．had been
D．was
如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如： If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 考点：考查混合虚拟语气的用法。
点评：本题较难。混合虚拟对于学生来说是难点，学生看到了this morning，误选C，本题的关键在于对于find这个动词的时态判定上。
即学即练：You _______ much better now if you had taken my advice. A．will be B．would be C．had been D．was 解析：B句意：假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。
3．He ______ busy yesterday, or he ______ you with your experiment. A．was; had helped C．had been; would have 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
试题分析：本题实际上考察的是or(否则，要不然)引导的含蓄的虚拟条件句。前面句中含有yesterday这个过去时的时间状语，故使用过去时即可。Or后面的句中要使用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气would have done的形式。句义：昨天他很忙，要不然他就会帮助你做实验了。故B正确。 考点：考察虚拟语气
B．was, would have helped D．were; would have helped
4．________ you happen to see Mary, would you please ask her to come here? A．Would 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
试题分析：句意: 如果你碰巧遇到Kate ,请你叫她来这里一下好吗？在if条件句中，如果有should,were或had,可以省略if,把should,were或had提前。故选C。 考点：考查情态动词表虚拟。
B．Could
C．Should
D．Might
5．––What a journey! We’ve finally arrived!
––_____ an out-of-date train schedule, we would not have missed the train. A．Had we not used C．If we didn’t use 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
B．Did we use D．If we had used
试题分析: 句意：真糟糕的旅行！我们终于到了。如果我们没有用过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会错过火车了。根据后句中的would not have missed可知句子使用了虚拟语气，是对过去发生的事情进行假设，主句应该用过去完成时，当句中有had ，should ，were时，可以省略if，把这些词提前，构成倒装结构，选A。 考点：考查虚拟语气
6．I can’t thank you _____much, because without your help I _____ have won the first place. A．too; wouldn’t C．that; might not 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查常用句型和虚拟语气。句意：我再怎么感谢你也不为过，因为要是没有你的帮助，我就不能赢得第一名。not… too much都不过分；without your help这是一个条件，主干是对过去的虚拟，故选A。 【点睛】
虚拟语气是高中阶段的重要语法项目，需要考生牢记各种情况的虚拟语气的谓语动词的形式，并要有分析理解语境的能力。
即学即练：—I didn’t go to the movie last night because of the rain. —What a pity! If I had got the ticket, I ________ it. A. wouldn’t have missed B. wouldn’t miss C. didn’t miss D. hadn’t missed
解析：A。根据上一句last night可知，本句表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done结构。
B．very; shouldn’t D．so; couldn’t
7．—Do you feel like __________ out? —No. I'd rather we __________ a taxi. A．to drive; take C．driving; take 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
本题考查虚拟语气。feel like + v-ing想要做某事；would rather +从句，表与现在事实相反的，从句用一般过去时态。故选D。
B．to drive; took D．driving; took
8．________ the danger of traveling on the lonely island, they would not be trapped now. A．Have they been informed of
B．Were they informed of
C．Should they be informed of 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
D．Had they been informed of
试题分析：考查虚拟语气和倒装省略。句意：如果他们被告知了在孤岛上旅行的危险的话他们现在就不会被困了。此题考查的是混合虚拟语气，且考查了虚拟语气与倒装省略的结合。If条件句中表示的是与过去事实相反应该是“If they had been informed of the danger of traveling on the lonely island”，主句是与现在事实相反，可以通过时间状语“now”判断出。依照if遇到的虚拟语气与倒装省略的结合用法可以用成“Had they been informed of the danger of traveling on the lonely island”，故D项正确。 考点：考查虚拟语气和倒装省略
9．_______ every one of you succeed in passing the mid-term examination. A．May 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查情态动词。may表许可，意为“可以”；表推测，意为“可能”；表希望、祈求、祝愿，意为“祝愿”。could可能，能够；might可能，可以；would将，将会，愿意。句意：祝每个人都成功地通过期中考试。A选项正确。
B．Could
C．Might
D．Would
10．—Did you make it at last?
—Yes. But for your help, it________a serious loss. A．would cause C．would have caused 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。答句第二句为含蓄条件句，but for引出虚拟条件，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，故句子谓语形式为would/should/could/might have done。根据句意可知选C。
B．must have caused D．may cause
11．—With the failure of the experiment, we reach a dead end.
—Cheer up! Many good things would never have happened if the bad events ________ first. A．don’t happen C．hadn’t happened 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
表示与过去事实相反的推测时，主句用would have done的形式，if从句用过去完成时。
B．didn’t happen D．haven’t happened
12．It is really strange that the girl so early. A．has been married C．should be married 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：真的很奇怪这个女孩这么早结婚。在“It is+形容词+that...”句型中，that从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。故选C。
B．has married D．would marry
13．If you hard at school, you a college student now and would get a good job in the future.
A．had studied; would have been C．had studied; would be 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你上学时努力学习，现在就是大学生了，将来会找到一个好工作。从句是对过去的假设用过去完成时，而主句是对现在和将来的假设用would+原形，故选C。 【名师点睛】
虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，要区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，用过去时态的虚拟结构过去完成时；而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符，用现在时的虚拟形式would do。如：
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了。
If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，用现在时的虚拟形式过去时；而主句的动作与过去事实不符，用过去时态的虚拟结构would have done。如：
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，用过去时态的虚拟结构过去完成时；而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反，用现在时的虚拟形式would do。如：
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。
本题是第一种用法，从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符，所以从句用过去完成时形式，主句用现在时和将来时形式。
B．would have studied; could be D．studied; could be
14．_______ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about computer games, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now. A．If I devoted C．Would I be devoted 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查时间错综的虚拟条件句。此处主句用过去完成时，表示与过去的事实相反，如果省略if要用倒装句；从句用would + 动词原形的形式，表示与现在的事实相反。
B．Had I devoted D．Should I be devoted
15．—I’m worried about the sports meet. Do you think it will be postponed? —If it ______ rain tomorrow, but actually the weather forecast has removed our worry. A．could C．might 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
试题分析：考查虚拟语气。从第二句后半句可知，明天不会下雨，因此判断为虚拟语气，而对将来的虚拟应用should + do，故选D。句意，——我很担心明天的运动会，你觉得会被推迟吗？——如果明天下雨的话会，但事实上天气预报已经排除了这一担忧。 考点：考查定虚拟语气
B．would D．Should
16．Leading politicians in the U.S. have sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences urging that it ________ actions that could be taken by state and local governments and universities ________ national excellence in humanities and social scientific education”. A．to identify; maintaining C．identify; to maintain 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查谓语动词、虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：美国的主要政治家已致信美国艺术与科学学院，敦促其确定州、地方政府和大学可以采取的行动，以保持国家在人文和社会科学教育方面的卓越。”第一空涉及一个urge引导的宾语从句，表示“敦促”，从句的谓语需要用“should加上一般现在时”，其中should还可以省略，所以填identify。第二空涉及一个非谓语动词的选择，该句谓语为identify，且根据句意，此空表目的，所以应用maintain的不定式to maintain。故选C项。
B．identifies; to maintain D．will identify; maintaining
17．—The rain is coming down so hard!
—________ my umbrella this morning, I wouldn’t be trapped here now. A．Did I take C．Were I to take 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：——雨下得这么大! ——如果今天早上我拿了伞，我就不会被困在这里了。此句是if引导的虚拟语气，从句与过去的事实相反，用过去完成态。句中将if省略，则把助动词had提到主语前面，故答案为B。
B．Had I taken D．Would I take
18．When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups _________ nothing. A．would mean C．will mean 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：当生活很艰难，你想要放弃的时候，请记住，生活充满了起起落落，如果没有低谷，那站在高处也失去了意义。without the downs 是隐含的虚拟条件句，因为是和现在情况相反，用would mean 。故A选项正确。
B．would have meant D．had meant
19．________ for the free vegetables，women workers would not have gone to the supermarket so often. A．If it is not C．Had it not been 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是免费的蔬菜，女工就不会经常去超市。根据题干中的would not have gone to可知，本句话是对过去事情的虚拟，所以，从句中谓语应用had done的形式；同时，在if条件句中表示虚拟语气时，经常将if省略，而把从句中的had，were或should提前。故选C。
B．Were it not D．If they were not
20．Had he taken his parent’s advice, he ______ having made such a silly mistake now. A．would not regret C．may not regret 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
B．would not have regretted D．may not have regretted
考查混合虚拟语气。句意：如果他听了父母的劝告，他现在就不会后悔犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误了。本句考查if引导的混合条件虚拟语气，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，分析本句可知，从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反，故主句中用would/should/could/might do结构。故选A。 【点睛】
虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表： 与过去事实相反的假设 与现在事实相反的假设 与将来事实相反的假设 条件从句的谓语动词形式 had done 主句谓语动词形式 would/could/might/should have done would/could/might/should do would/could/might/should do 过去时(was→were) 过去时 (was→were ) ; should do; were to do 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。
如本句Had he taken his parent’s advice, he would not regret having made such a silly mistake now. 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设。故A选项正确。
21．Investigators urged that safety procedures at the construction site ___________ as soon as possible. A．would improve C．improved 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：调查人员敦促建筑工地上的安全操作要尽早改善。动词urge后的宾语从句要使用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。本句主语safety procedures at the construction site与improve构成被动关系，要用被动语态，句中还省略了should。故D项正确。
B．were improved D．be improved
22．I’ll give ____ to your suggestion that we ____ a party in honor of the experienced professor. A．much thought; hold C．much thought; will hold
B．many thoughts; should hold D．some thought; can hold
【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查不可数名词和suggestion后的同位语从句。句意：我将仔细考虑你的建议，我们为这位经验丰富的教授举行一个聚会。thought作为“想法”的时候是可数名词，作为抽象意义的“思想”时是不可数名词；suggestion后面的同位语从句应该用（should）+动词原形。结合句意可知答案为A。
23．---It's a complete pity that you missed the wonderful lecture. ---Terribly sorry! _____my former colleague not come to me unexpectedly. A．Should 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟倒装。句意：—你错过了那场精彩的演讲，真是太遗憾了！—非常抱歉，要是我以前的同事没有突然来找我就好了。根据句意可知，此处是对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，谓语动词是had，if可以省略，但是要用倒装语序。故选C。
B．Would
C．Had
D．Did
24．______ is of vital importance that we ______ something to protect our precious cultural heritage. A．It, do 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查代词和虚拟语气。句意：我们做一些事情来保护我们宝贵的文化遗产是至关重要的。第一个空是形式主语，代指that we ______ something to protect our precious cultural heritage，形式主语应用it。It is important/of importance that clause句式中，that从句应用虚拟语气，其谓语部分为should do形式，should可以省略。故第二个填do。综上，故选A。
B．What, did
C．That, should do
D．Whether, will do
25．What a pity! The parents could have survived the earthquake, __________ to save their child.
A．had they not come back C．did they not come back 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查省略if的条件句。句意：真遗憾!如果不是回来救孩子，这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词为
B．have they come back D．did they come back
had come back，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把had置于句首。从句“if they had not come back”省略if，提前had，句子写成“had they not come back”。故选A项。 【点睛】
if引导的虚拟条件句，当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。
26．It is important that we ________ the window before we leave. A．shall close 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：我们离开前关上窗户是很重要的。诸如necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity、the shame、no wonder等表情绪、观点的形容词或名词要用虚拟语气，符合“It is...that +主语从句”的结构，从句的谓语动 词常用“should+动词原形”，且should的省略要看情况而定。句中表示建议的语气，should可以省略。故选D项。
B．will close
C．must close
D．close
27．Frankly, I’d rather you ____________anything about it for the time being. A．not do 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：坦白说，我希望你暂时什么都不要做。would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，本句中需要用一般过去时表现现在或将来的愿望。动词do的否定过去式为didn’t do，故选C项。
B．don’t do
C．didn’t do
D．will not do
28．If only I _____________ her _____________ that I book an air ticket in advance. I
_____________ a slight change in schedule could have such a strong influence on my travel plan. A．followed; plan; don’t expect C．followed; example; hadn’t expected 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：我要是听从她的建议提前订机票就好了。我没想到日程上的一点变化会对我的旅行计划产生如此大的影响。if only（但愿/如果……就好）句子中用虚拟语气，由句意可知，是对过去的虚拟，时态用过去完成时（had done），此处表建议，第二空用advice，第三空“没想到”是过去的一种事实，用一般过去时。故选D项。
B．have followed; instruction; didn’t expect D．had followed; advice; didn’t expect
29．When it comes to death, Vincent Van Gogh ________ by others in that his wound didn’t
indicate suicide, while Albert Einstein ________ longer but he refused surgery, A．may have been killed; should have lived B．should have been killed; should have lived C．may have been killed; must have lived D．should have been killed: must have lived 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：谈到死亡，文森特·梵高可能被其他人杀害，因为他的伤口并不意味着自杀，而阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦本应该活得更长，但他拒绝接受手术。A. may have been killed; should have lived可能被其他人杀害，本应该活得更长；B. should have been killed; should have lived本应该被其他人杀害，本应该活得更长；C. may have been killed; must have lived可能被其他人杀害，一定活了很长；D. should have been killed: must have lived本应该被其他人杀害，一定活了很长。结合句意，may have done 表示对发生过的事情的推测，should have done 本应该做某事，实际未做，符合句意。故选A项。
30．Enthusiastic fans would rather they________ the super star at the airport tomorrow morning. A．should meet C．met 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：热情的粉丝们都希望明天早上在机场能见到那位超级明星。would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，用来表达主观愿望，谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来“宁愿做什么”。故选C。
【名师点睛】would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，用来表达主观愿望，谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来“宁愿做什么”。用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反，表示“宁愿过去……”、“对过去做的事感到懊悔”。 1.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。 I’d rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。 2. 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d rather you hadn’t said it yesterday. 我真希望昨天你没有这样说过。
B．would meet D．were to meet
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