•一、科技文本的特点与英译原则
•(1)特点:用词严谨、准确,行文规范,逻辑严密,注重客观性,一般不带个人感情色彩。已经从ESP中形成一个分支:EST.•(2)英译原则:
•a.用词多样化,专业术语多,使用缩略语•purely technical words:
•nuclear physics: proton(质子), neutron(中子), electron(电子), reactor(核反应堆), radioactivity(放射性).
•semi-technical words:
•fastener(建筑扣件), carrier(车床底座), gear switch(齿轮开关), clamp(夹钳), spade(铁铲).
•non-technical words:
•vapourate, minimize, reciprocate(报酬)
科技文本缩略语的翻译:
•••••••••
(1)首字母缩写(acronym)PC:Personal Computer
IDDD:International direct distance dialiryDNA:dexoxybonucleic acidDOS:Disc operation systemCPU:Central processing unitTelecom:telecommunication(2)拼凑法
Sicom:situation comedy Biorhythm:Biological rhythm Comsat:communication satellite Minicom:miniature computer•Psywar:psychological war Telecon:telephone conference
b.语法特点:多用一般现在时;
c.名词化现象,注意转换(汉语-动态语言,英语-静态语言)
•eg.The house isunder construction. •(The house is being constructed.)
•例句:中国已经成功地发射了第一课实验通讯卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的,一直运转正常。它标志着我国在发展运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。
•The successful launchingof China’s first
experimental communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operationever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics.
d.科技英语多使用陈述句,极少有明显的感情色彩,
汉译英时要用陈述语气P170
e.科技英语被动语态和非人称句较多,汉译英时应进行必要的转换
现决定将垂直测斜仪V15的钻孔作为初次试验,以测试该施工方法的可行性。
Wedecided that weshould use the drilling for vertical inclination V15 as a trial to test the feasibility of the construction method.
It has been decided that the drilling for vertical inclinometer v15 should be used initially to test the feasibility of the construction method.
f.科技英语的逻辑性强,英译时注意增添必要的衔接手段,以保证语义连贯。(汉语-意合,英语-形合), P172第八个例子
•g.语篇特点: 写作程式化•Format in writing:•INTRODUCTION•BODY
•FORMULATION (构想,展望)•CONCLUSION
二、科技文本标题的英译
•英文论文标题通常由介词短语与名词词组构成,首字母大写(OF, AT等简单词除外)。
•例如:集成电路用铜基引线框架材料的发展与展望
•Development and Expectation of Copper-based Lead Frame Material Used in Integrated Circuit.•论工业设计多元化的发展前景
•On the Multidimensional Prospect of Industrial Design(P175-176)
三、科技文本摘要的英译
•英文论文摘要的内容包括研究目的、方法、结果与结论等主要信息, 关键词部分是论文摘要的重要组成部分,一般有3-5个关键词,标示文献主要内容。
•例如,摘要:人类语言的一个普遍现象为,将来时标记又进一步发展出表达各种认识情态的用法,具有估计、预测等主观功能。这一发展来自将来时标记的概念内容,因为将来时所指的是未发生的事件,人们对其判断往往具有很高的主观性。本文论述英语和汉语的有关现象,尝试对表面看起来纷繁复杂的现象做出简单一致的解释。•关键词:语法化, 将来时标记, 主观性, 认识情态
•Abstract: It is cross-linguistically true that future tense markers tend to develop epistemic modality functions of evaluation and prediction. Based on Chinese and English data, this paper
argues that the development is due to the conceptual structure of future tense markers. A future tense marker refers to an event in future, which involves subjectification.•Key words: grammatification, future tense markers, subjectification, epistemic modality
•Cognitive, conceptual metaphor, discourse,system-functional
grammar
•Thank you
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