专业英语八级模拟试卷32(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷32 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITING

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)

SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

听力原文： Did Chinese beat out Columbus? Did Chinese sailors really discover America before Columbus? A new exhibition sets the scene, presenting new evidence that lends support to the assumptions made in 1421: The Year China Discovered America by Gavin Menzies. 1421: The Year China Sailed the World, in Singapore in a special tent near the Esplanade (until Sept. 11), is primarily a celebration of Admiral Zheng He’s seven maritime expeditions between 1405 and 1423. With a fleet of 317 ships and 28, 000 men, Zheng He is generally acknowledged as one of the great naval explorers, but how far he actually went remains a matter of dispute. With original artifacts, videos and interactive exhibits, 1421 aims to take visitors through Zheng He’s life story, setting the historical and economic context of his voyages. Against this factual background, Menzies’s theories are presented, along with new evidence, mainly maps, backing his claims. The exhibition starts in Hunnan (China) in 1382, with a narrative space giving some background on Zheng He’s youth. Zheng, a Chinese Muslim, was captured as a child in wartime by the Ming army and made a eunuch to serve at court. He became a scholar and a trusted adviser to the third Ming emperor, Zhu Di, who sent him on a mission to “proceed all the way to the ends of the earth to collect tribute from the barbarians beyond the seas. When the giant fleet returned in 1423, however, the emperor had fallen. With that change of leadership, China began a policy of isolationism that would last hundreds of years. The large ships were left to rot at their moorings, and most of the records of the great journeys were destroyed (though some argue the records still exist). A lattice maze in the exhibition takes visitors through the internal turmoil dominating the early part of the Ming dynasty. In the main room, five giant masts and sails mark the admiral’s first five voyages, each depicting the destination while highlighting important historical facts such as the trade of spices and teas and life on board the ships. With 600 years of sailing experience, the Chinese had already developed many tools useful to sailing over great distances- like magnetized compasses and watertight bulkhead compartments of a

kind the West would have to wait hundreds of years for. Importantly, Zheng He’s ships, known as junks, included on-board vegetable patches, growing soybeans in tubes all year to provide protein and vitamin C, guarding sailors against scurvy. Along with examples of spices and other goods that the fleet would have brought back to China, the visitors can find ancient artifacts like unusual animal-shaped money from Malacca (Malaysia) made of tin, which the Chinese produced as currency when their copper coins ran out. Shaped in the form of animals like crocodiles, turtles and chickens, these coins were exclusive to Malacca but have been found in shipwrecks throughout Asia. Arguing that the Chinese had reached America 70 years before Columbus, Menzies’s book caused a stir when it was published in 2002. “Columbus had a map of America, de Gama had a map showing India and Captain Cook had a map showing Australia, and it’s not my saying; it’s the explorers saying it, the retired British Royal Navy submarine commanding officer said in an interview. “None of the great European explorers actually discovered anything new. The whole world was charted before they set sail. So somebody before them had done it, and that was the basis of the book, “ he said Since then, the Web site he created to centralize evidence to substantiate his book has received more than 100, 000 e-mails from people across the globe coming forward with “massive evidence corroborating his claims, “ Menzies said. “It’s no longer about my book. It’s really a collective work. “ Menzies, who is planning to revise his book by 2007 in light of the latest evidence, now believes that Zheng He was not the first to sail to America. “One of the mistakes I made in my book was to say that Zheng He did everything. He had a legacy. Most of the world had already been mapped by Kublai Khan’s fleet, he said. The exhibition shows copies of Kublai Khan’s maps, recently found at the U. S. Library of Congress by an academic. The documents clearly show North America. Menzies said he believes the maps, which are currently being carbon-dated, are from the late 13th century

Did Chinese sailors really discover America before Columbus? A new exhibition sets the scene, presenting new【1】_____. that lends support to the assumptions made in”1421: The Year China 【1】_____Discovered America”by Gavin Menzies. “1421: The Year China Sailed the World, “is primarily a celebration of【2】_____Zheng 【2】_____ He’s seven maritime expeditions between 1405 and 142【3】With a fleet of 317 ships and 28, 000men, Zheng He is generally acknowledged as one of the great naval explorers, but how far heactually went remains a matter of dispute. The exhibition starts in Hunnan【China】in 1382, with a【3】_____space giving some back- 【3】_____ground on Zheng He’s youth. When he grew up, he became a scholar and a trusted adviser to the emperor, Zhu DJ, who sent him on a mission to”proceed all the way to the ends of the earth to collect tribute from the【4】_____beyond the seas. “ 【4】_____ Later, China began a policy of isolationism that would last hundreds of years. The large shipswere left to rot at their moorings, and most of the records of the great journeys were destroyed. Along with examples of spices and other goods that the fleet would have brought back toChina, the visitors can find ancient【5】_____like unusual animal-shaped money from Malaccamade of tin. 【5】_____ Arguing that

the Chinese had reached America 70 years before Columbus, Menzies’s book caused a【6】_____when it was published in 200【2】 【6】_____ “None of the great European explorers actually discovered anything new. The whole world was【7】_____before they set sail. So somebody before them had done it, and that was the basis of the book, “ 【7】_____ Since then, the Web site he created to centralize evidence to【8】_____his book has received 【8】_____more than 100, 000 e-mails from people across the globe coming forward with”massive evidence” 【9】_____his claims.【9】_____ Menzies now believes that Zheng He was not the first to sail to America. “One of the mistakesI made in my book was to say that Zheng He did everything. He had a【10】_____Most of the world 【10】_____had already been mapped by Kublai Khan’s fleet, “ he said. The exhibition shows copies of Kublai Khan’s maps, recently found at the U. S. Library ofCongress by an academic. The documents clearly show North America. Menzies believes the mapsare from the late 13th century.

1． 【1】

正确答案：evidence

2． 【2】

正确答案：Admiral

3． 【3】

正确答案：narrative

4． 【4】

正确答案：barbarians

5． 【5】

正确答案：artifacts

6． 【6】

正确答案：stir

7． 【7】

正确答案：charted

8． 【8】

正确答案：substantiate

9． 【9】

正确答案：corroborating

10． 【10】

正确答案：legacy

SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.

听力原文：Interview with Nick Ularu About leadership and teambullding in arts and cultureReporter: Welcome Nick, our audience must be eager to know your ideas about leadership and teambuilding in arts and culture. Nick: Thanks. I think everybody who wants to pursue a successful career, specially in the arts, have to consider himself/ herself a world citizen from the beginning. I think one of the most dangerous notions in the contemporary society is the provin- ciaiism. I was trying always to keep my Romanian roots but I felt always the need to connect myself to what’s happen in the world. I can understand the fears of loosing the identity but due to the development of the technology and information it is practically impossible to ignore some of the advantages of the scary globalization. Reporter: But now, because we got together again here, in this amazing and-I might say-unbelievable country as USA, let’s talk a little about your experience here, first. Then, because I know that you are teacher and a set designer in the same time, maybe you can tell me how can you handle this. Nick: I had a cultural choke in my first six months in the USA It is hard to accept that the American administration doesn’t subsidize the arts as the majority of the European governments do, specially because the USA is the most developed country in the world. It is amazing to see an artist as Robert Wilson doing his experimental projects in Europe, with European money, with budgets one cannot dream to have here in the USA outside of entertainment industry, and coming to present these performances in the USA. Speaking about evil, it is still hard for me to associate the concept of industry with the concept of arts, like the film industry or entertainment industry. I was wondering always if directors like Fellini or Bergman would exist or survive as artists in the American film industry, and how their films will look like. Thanks God, the American art survive based on the private sponsorship and on the artists ambitions and frustrations. Reporter: Is your career as a teacher helping the artistic side?Nick: To be honest it was more easy to handle this in

Europe. My career as a teacher is occupying almost all my time over the academic year. It is frustrating to refuse some of the project proposals just because I don’t have the physical time to do it. But this was always a major problem for me. I think I need more lives to do what I want or at least days of 36-48 hours. I like teaching because I have the feeling that keeps me young. . . Working with young artists is as wonderful and painful as the love is. I hate teaching in an environment where there are more concerns about the politics, political correctness, power, etc. than education. Reporter: Do you feel that your students are going to become your followers? What is your teaching technique, basically? Is it just listen to me, and do that or (the one that I’ve get myself from you) the far more difficult let’s see what you have to say about the issue?Nick: My philosophy of teaching is that the students must be the followers of their own talents, not mine. All I try to do is to develop their own personality, to make them open and confident in their powers. In my opinion a teacher must be first of all, honest with his / her students. One cannot do education by pleasing always your students in order to have good evaluations for your tenure. . . ?Reporter: What about the teamwork both in classes and at the theatre-is something different from other countries, in term of relationship between the members?Nick: The teamwork is crucial in the theatre. One cannot do theatre without collaboration and discipline. What about actors coming late to the performances they are involved in? What about not having the costumes or sets in time? Every aspect of the theatre production is as important as the entire production. We can easily transgress this to a teamwork. Actually I will suggest theatre classes / notions to any business school. Reporter: How do you see yourself as a leader? Do you think that this should be a natural ability, or something you can learn in time? What is your greatest quality as a leader? When and how did you realize that about yourself?Nick: I’ve been in this position for some many years at different levels and I can say by my experience that the leadership is not for everybody. Actually I think that the worst work situations are created by the people who have the power but are not leaders. You can find a lot of books teaching you to improve your career, to become a millionaire, to become a leader or to loose 20 pounds by night . but how many people become millionaires by reading those books? I truly believe that you can learn a lot of tricks in how to deal with people/situations but a really leader is born not made from books. Speaking about myself I think one of the qualities I tried to improve in time is to see the situation I am dealing with, from different perspectives. As much as I’m getting older as much I begun to be less radical in my opinions. Reporter: It is a theory, saying: “no matter how well people are doing, they can do better. I remember that you use to have something very similar to me as a student: you have to create crises and than to hit the bottom of it, in order to get further and create something. Do you still stand it? What do you think about changes?Nick: Yes, I still think that in order to get further and create something, it doesn’t matter what, you have to evaluate where you are, what are your week points, what you have to achieve, etc. . It is not necessary to pass through a crisis situation or to hit the bottom, it is necessary to understand your potential, even if you like it or not, and to keep a positive / constructive attitude.

11． According to Nick, what is the most dangerous notion in the world? A．Predominance

B．Local characteristics and customs C．Individual identity

D．Potential dividing forces

正确答案：B

12． Which description is not true about Nick Ularu? A．He has Romanian origin

B．He is a teacher and a set designer in the same time

C．He had a cultural resonance when he first came to the USA

D．He couldn’t understand why Americans invest so much on entertainment industry but not on art

正确答案：C

13． What is Nick’s opinions about teaching?

A．He thinks that teaching doesn’t help the artistic side B．He believes that teaching keeps him energetic

C．Teaching shouldn’t be totally isolated from politics D．Teaching frustrates him so many times

正确答案：B

14． What is Nick’s philosophy of teaching?

A．The students must be the followers of their teacher

B．He should work hard to make students believe in their own abilities C．Pleasing students is the most necessary factor

D．Teacher should have a decisive effect on the personalities of students

正确答案：B

15． Which one is Nick’s idea about the leader? A．Everyone has the access to leadership B．Leaders create the worst work situation

C．Books can help to improve people’ ability and make someone a leader D．The real leaders are born

正确答案：D

SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear

everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.

听力原文： Washington (dpa)-After the failures of their past two Mars missions, U. S. space officials announced a departure Thursday from their “cheaper, faster, better” strategy, saying they would send six robots to explore the Red Planet over the next 15 years. However, they don’t envision obtaining soil samples from Mars until 2011 to try to ascertain whether there is water on the most Earth-like planet in our solar system and, possibly, life. The top scientists of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said in Washington that they envision two-year rotations of robotic surface missions and orbiting satellites. The Mars schedule laid out Thursday indicated a more tentative approach to Mars exploration after the embarrassing failures at the end of last year of the Mars Polar Lander and the Mars Climate Orbiter within three months of one another. Ed Weiler, head of NASA’s office of space science, said the first leg of the new programme is to come next year with the launch of the satellite 2001 Mars Odyssey. Two years later, two robots will be sent to explore the surface of Earth’s neighbour, then, in 2005, the Satellite Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter will circle the Red Planet while outfitted with a supercamera, capable of photographing objects the size of a football, Weiler said. In 2007, NASA plans to deploy a “Smart Lander”, which could carry 270 kilograms of equipment and be able to avoid obstacles, like rocks, at landing using jet engines and sensors. Weiler said that in the decade thereafter, small aircraft and even balloons could be sent close to Mars’ surface and long- range rovers and robots would be deployed to collect soil and return it to Earth with a rocket. For these later robot missions, NASA would cooperate with European space officials, especially in Italy and France. However, France’s science minister, Roger-Gerard Schwartzenberg said Thursday in Paris that he would like to bring soil samples back to Earth by the end of this decade. The interest in soil samples has intensified since the Mars Global Surveyor, which is now orbiting Mars, sent back pictures in June that showed signs of water on the Red Planet.

16． However, they don’t envision obtaining soil samples from Mars until_____to try to ascertain whether there is water on the most Earth-like planet in our solar system and, possibly, life.

A．2001 B．2007 C．2011 D．2017

正确答案：C

17． According to the news, in 2007 ______. A．the first leg of the new programme is to come

B．two robots will be sent to explore the surface of Earth’s neighbour

C．the Satellite Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter will circle the Red Planet while outfitted with a supercamera, capable of photographing objects the size of a football

D．SA plans to deploy a”Smart Lander”

正确答案：D

听力原文： A key component in the explosives used in last week’s London bombings is triacetone triperoxide (TATP), a U. S. law enforcement officiaI tells U. S. News. TATP is a sophisticated or “high yieldS’ explosive that’s easily mixed at home with recipes available on the Internet. It was used by suicide bombers in Israel and chosen as a detonator in 2001 by would-be shoe bomber Richard Reid. Reid, who attempted to bomb a plane as it crossed the Atlantic Ocean, has claimed he used an Internet recipe to make his sneaker bomb. The ingredients in TATP—hydrogen peroxide obtained from local pharmacies, the paint thinner acetone, and a little hydrochloric or sulphuric acid—can be mixed to manufacture TATP, which packs the same punch as plastic explosives such as RDX. TATP, used by terrorists in the Middle East and elsewhere; is considered so unstable that it can be set off by clapping one’s hands to detonate it or stomping on it with one’s foot and usually is used with other ingredients as a booster or detonator component.

18． What is the feature of TATP? A．It is an simple explosive B．It is a military explosive C．It is made in U. S factories D．It can be easily made indoors

正确答案：D

19． Richard Reid tried to bomb a plane with the bomb______. A．provided by terrorists B．stolen from the military

C．made according to the methods shown in Internet D．made in his lab

正确答案：C

20． TATP can be detonated by______. A．clapping one’s hand B．throwing it on the floor C．putting foot on it D．touching it

正确答案：A

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Almost a century after his death, the well-known French author Jules Verne has once again managed to fire the imagination of people around the world, this time with an unpublished novel, Paris in the 20th Century. The manuscript, completed in 1863 but long locked away in a safe, was uncovered only in 1989 by Verne’ s great-grandson, and it ap- peared in English translation just a few months ago. This 19th-century vision of the future describes llfe among skyscrap- ers of glass and steel, high-speed trains, gas-powered automobiles, calculators, fax machines and a global communica- tions network. The prescience of these forecasts matches what one would have expected from the author who introduced countless readers of his age to a host of technological marvels, from submarines to helicopters and spacecraft. But in fact, Paris in the 20th Century is a tragedy. It describes the life of an idealistic young man who struggles to find happiness in the fiercely materialistic dystopia that Paris has become by 1920. Like George Orwell’s 1984, Verne’s novel is a grim and troubling Comment on the human costs of technological progress. That such a message should come from Jules Verne proves surprising to many. Most people—particularly in America—assume that Verne wrote about the wonders of technology because he was himself an optimistic scientist. Many also believe Verne wrote primarily for children, crafting novels that were invariably exciting but intellectually shallow. These misconceptions show how Verne’s current status has completely shadowed the reality of his life and writings. They are part of the continuing misunderstanding of this author, a result of some severely abridged translations and simplified adaptations for Hollywood cinema. In truth, Verne was neither a scientist nor an engineer: he was simply a writer—and a very prolific one. Over his lifetime, Verne produced more than 2 novels. Yet his works were carefully grounded in fact, and his books inspired many leading scientists, engineers, inventors and explorers, including William Beebe (the creator and pilot of the first bathy- sphere), Admiral Richard Byrd (a pioneer explorer of Antarctica), Yuri Gagarin (the first human to fly in space) and Neil Armstrong (the first astronaut to walk on the moon). Verne’s novels were thus profoundly influential, and perhaps uniquely SO. Although novels with scientific foundation had been written before, Verne raised the technique of scientific descrip- tion to a fine art. And this type of science fiction, based on accurate descriptions of science and technology, has tended to dominate the trend ever since. But Verne’s devotion to technical detail does not reflect an confidence in the virtues ofscience. Indeed, his earliest writings—a mixture of plays, essays and short stories—were distinctly critical of scienceand technology. It was only the strict monitor of his publisher, Pierre-Jules Hetzel, that steered Verne toward

what eventually made him famous: fast-paced adventure tales heavily flavored with scientific lessons and an optimistic ideology. And although his own attitude was quite different, Verne offered little resistance to Hetzel. After the release of his initial book in 1863, the first in a series of novels published under the banner “Extraordinary Voyages: Voyages in Known and Unknown Worlds, “ Verne explained to his friends at the Paris stock market (where he had been working part-time to make ends meet) about his accomplishment. “My friends, . . . . I’ve just written a novel in a new style. . . If it succeeds, it will be a gold mine. “ He was right. Under Hetzel’s continual guidance, Verne created one novel after another, each fundamentally of this same type. But most of the works published after Hetzel’s death in 1886 show Verne returning to his original themes—championing environmentalism, anticapitalism and social responsibility while questioning the benefits that science and technology could bring to an imperfect world. To understand how Verne’s later writings could differ so completely from popular image of him requires a closer understanding of the man and his times.

21． How does the author think about “Paris in the 20th Century”? A．He thinks it is a comedy.

B．This 19th-century vision of the future describes life among skyscrapers of glass and steel, high-speed trains, gas- powered automobiles, calculators, fax machines and a global communications network.

C．It describes the life of an unidealistic young man who struggles to find happiness in the fiercely materialistic dystopia that Paris has become by 1920.

D．He thinks the Jules Verne has once again managed to fire the imagination of people around the world and it is a grim and troubling comment on the human costs of technological progress.

正确答案：D

解析：选D。答案见第一段第一句话。

22． In the sentence “In truth, Verne was neither a scientist nor an engineer: he was simply a writer and a very prolific one. “, the word “prolific” probably means ______.

A．primitive B．diligent C．rich D．fruitful

正确答案：D

解析：考察词义，verne是作家，该词意为“多产的”，也就是著作颇丰，故选D。

23． Through what kind of novels, did Verne make himself success?

A．Fast-paced adyenture tales heavily flavored with scientific lessons and an optimistic ideology.

B．To mix futuristic narratives with detailed, plausible descriptions of new technology.

C．Through novels such as Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864; translated 1874) and around the World in 80 Days (1873; translated 1874)

D．Bright, entertaining adventure stories that celebrated the possibilities of technology.

正确答案：A 解析：见第三段。凡尔纳闻名于世的是他的科幻小说和其中透露出来的对未来的乐观主义色彩。故选A。

24． According to the passage, how does the author think about Jules Verne? A．A stranger.

B．A scientist whose job was to discover the future and cast new technology in a darker light.

C．From the start, the father of science fiction was gravely concerned with the dangers of technology.

D．He was either a scientist or an engineer.

正确答案：C

解析：文中讲到了凡尔纳早期作平对科学技术持批评态度，A、B不正确，D脱离问题，故选C。

The release last week of a government-sponsored survey, the most comprehensive to date, suggests that more than half of Americans will develop a mental disorder in their lives. The study was the third, beginning in 1984, to suggest a significant increase in mental illness since the middle of the 20th century, when estimates of lifetime prevalence ranged closer 20 or 30 percent. But what does it mean when more than half of a society may suffer “mental illness”? Is it an indictment of modem life or a sign of greater willingness to deal openly with a once-taboo subject? Or is it another example of the American mania to give every problem a name, a set of symptoms and a treatment-a trend, medical historians say, accentuated by drug marketing to doctors and patients? Changes in societies over time, and differences across cultures, make it extremely difficult to compare prevalence levels of mental illness, even today. Levels of depression in China were thought to be very low, for example, until the Harvard anthropologist Dr. Arthur Kleinman found in the 1980’s that many Chinese did not think or talk about mood disorders the way Westerners do. They came to doctors or healers with physical complaints-dizziness, headaches and other pains that were treated as such, though in many cases they could be diagnosed as depression. A World Health Organization survey published in 2004 found that 2. 5 percent of Chinese reported a mood disorder in the last year, compared with a rate of 9. 6 percent in the United States. In Japan,

too, reported levels of depression tend to be low-just over 3 percent reported a mood disorder in the last year, in the W. H. O. survey-in part because of a culture of stoicism, said Dr. Laurence Kirmayer, director of social and transcultural psychiatry at McGill University in Montreal. Depression, after all, is not one symptom but many, and in Japan there is strong cultural taboo against repeated, vague complaints. In addition, said Dr. Margaret Lock, a professor of social studies in medicine at McGill, Japanese doctors tend to be attentive to men’s complaints of mood problems, and dismissive of women’s. The result: depression rates are higher in men than in women, the reverse of the United States and much of Europe. But more than anything, historians and medical anthropologists said, the rise in the incidence of mental illness in America over recent decades reflects cultural and political shifts. “People have not changed biologically in the past 100 years, “ Dr. Kirmayer said, “but the culture, our understanding of mental illness” has changed.

25． The low levels of depression in China show that_____. A．Chinese people are happier than western people

B．Chinese do not think in such way as the westerners do. C．Chinese are more conservative concerning depression. D．Chinese pay more attention to physical illness

正确答案：B

解析：答案见第四段，讲到中西方文化差异导致行为不同。故选B。

26． What is the conclusion drawn by the anthropologists concerning the increased cases of mental illness?

A．Western people are more open where mental illness is concerned. B．That is the result of the faster social tempo.

C．That is partly a result of increased mental pressure. D．That is partly a result of cultural changes.

正确答案：D 解析：最后一段最后一句讲到文化和对精神疾病的理解在过去100年中变化了，而人们并没有发生变化。故选D。

A rare and complicated procedure to separate twins conjoined at the head extended beyond 56 hours Monday as surgeons in Singapore entered the third day of an operation on 11-month-old Nepalese girls. Close to 20 specialists were participating in the surgery, which started at 4 p. m. local time on Friday and has dragged on far beyond the initial prediction of 38 hours and the revised forecast of 48 hours. “The doctors are still operating, “ a Singapore General Hospital spokeswoman said at mid-morning on Monday. Doctor Keith Goh, the paediatric neurosurgeon leading the medical team, told the twins’ parents that a critical part of the surgery had been carded out successfully—the division of the main vein shared by

the girls that drains blood from their heads, which developed fused in the womb. “When we see the doctors are happy, we are happy too, “ The Straits Times quoted grandfather Arjun Dev Shrestha as saying. Doctor Chumpon Chan, the other main neurosurgeon involved, has also left the operating theatre more than once to give the family progress reports on Ganga and Jamuna. The twins faced opposite directions with their brains encased in the same skull. Physicians told the parents, Sandhya Shrestha and Bhushan K. C), that the planes of separation between the brains were not as convoluted as they had feared. The doctors, including anaesthesiologists, plastic surgeons, neurosurgeons and neurologists, have been working in teams and taking short breaks. The parents have maintained a vigil at the hospital, going occasionally to a nearby Sikh temple to pray. They have been in Singapore with their daughters since October. The plight of the impoverished family prompted contributions of 650, 000 Singapore dollars (365, 000 U. S. dollars) from the public to pay for medical treatment, the operation and follow-up care. The physicians donated their services. The twins, who turned 11-months-old on Monday, were named after two rivers regarded as holy in India. Twins fused at the head occur only once in about 2 million live births. Goh said earlier Ganga and Jamuna’s case was similar to that of Siamese twins operated on in South Africa in 1997 by Doctor Benjamin Carson from The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore in the United States. He discussed with Carson over the telephone the best way to separate Ganga and Jamuna

27． From the text, we can know that ______. A．the parents are Singaporean

B．the parents can not afford the operation C．the family came from India

D．the grandfather goes occasionally to a nearby Sikh temple to pray

正确答案：C

解析：通过理解全文，可知选C。

28． About the operation ______. A．it is successful B．it is complicated C．it is the first case D．it is a failure result

正确答案：B 解析：第三段提到医生说有一个关键部分已经获得成功，但手术并没有彻底完成，因此还无法下成功或失败的定论，最后一段讲到了1997年的一个例子，故该手术并非第一起。故选B，这在第一段已有提示。

29． The best title of the article would be ______.

A．A difficult operation B．Twist twins

C．Operation to separate twins stretches into 3rd day D．The impoverished family gained the hope

正确答案：C

解析：选C，因为文章是一篇报道，标题要准确、全面反映出手术的情况。

The reek of the twin towers’ rubble still permeated Lower Manhattan when Yaroslav Trofimov’s editor at The Wall Street Journal gave him an assignment that is the stuff of a foreign correspondent’s fantasies: to travel through the lands of Islam and find out how Muslims were reacting to America’s tragedy. Fluent in Arabic and carrying an Italian passport, the Ukrainian-born Trofimov gained access to people who wouldn’t speak to most Westerners, especially Americans. Over three years, he met jihadists in Yemen, politicians in Bosnia, liberals in Tunisia, conservative clerics in Saudi Arabia, Hezbollah guerrillas in south Lebanon, caravaneers in mythic Timbuktu. and now gives us “Faith at War, “ part travel book, part political and cultural commentary, part adventure story and altogether superb, gracefully written guide into what he calls “the Islamic universe. “ The cosmological description is apt: the countries Trofimov visited seem, in their values, outlooks and aspirations, very distant from our own. “Faith at War” serves as a kind of wormhole, through which we can enter that parallel universe and begin to comprehend it. The news it brings will not comfort those who believe that globalization is drawing us closer together. On his first stop, Cairo, undergraduates dining in a McDonald’s a few days after 9/11 demonstrate that it’s possible to delight in a Big Mac and in the fiery deaths of 3, 000 Americans at the same time. “Everyone celebrated, “ an 18-year-old university student gushes as she dips her fries into ketchup, “cheering that America finally got what it de- served. “ This and similar encounters lead Trofimov to conclude that poverty is not the root cause of Islamic extremism: “Often those with the most bloodthirsty ideas were the well-to-do and the privileged who have had some experience with the West—and not the downtrodden and ignorant’ masses’ that are usually depicted as the font of anti-Western fury. “ At his next destination, Saudi Arabia, Trofimov sips tea with a dissident who echoes a mantra of the Bush adminis- tration—the Middle East’s repressive regimes are responsible for terrorism, and the key to defeating it is to democratize the region. The country’s justice minister, though, tells him that democracy is “un-Islamic. “ Some of Trofimov’s material is, unfortunately, dated, especially in the chapters dealing with Iraq and Afghanistan. Iraqi Shiite leaders express deep antipathy to the United States (“Even if you turn this country into heaven, we don’t want it from you, “ says one); he might hear different opinions now that a Shiite-dominated government is more or less in place. Trofimov’s episodic narrative creates a mosaic of the Muslim universe, which is less monolithic than generally pictured. Each tile is exquisitely wrought, but the overall pattern is not always clear. Trofimov implies that in the eyes of a great many Muslims, what began as a war against terrorism has morphed into a war against Islam—a clash

of civilizations. But Muslims in more moderate countries like Tunisia and Mali don’t seem to share that view, and I for one couldn’t tell which vision is likely to prevail. That said, this book deserves a wide readership. The Muslims don’t understand us, we don’t understand them. “Faith at War” goes a long way toward solving the second part of that dismal equation.

30． Concerning the book, which of the following statements is NOT true? A．It is partly a travel book. B．It is partly a political one.

C．It is partly a cultural commentary. D．It is partly an academic one.

正确答案：D

解析：显然，这本书绝非什么学术性作品，故选D。

31． According to Trofimov, who most often do harbor the extremist ideas? A．The masses. B．The well-to-do. C．The poor people. D．The better educated.

正确答案：B

解析：答案见第三段，作者认为那些嗜血的、接触过西方社会的富人才是恐怖主义的根源所在，而不是最底层的人民。故选B。

32． As far as the problem of “Faith at War” is concerned, which conclusion can NOT be drawn from the passage?

A．The author may attribute the hatred towards Americans to the clash of civilizations.

B．The book tries to provide an insight into the Islamic world. C．The book provides a solution to the problem.

D．The author do not provide a satisfied picture of the whole Islamic world.

正确答案：C

解析：显然C是错误的，因为这本书没有提供解决问题的方法，而是讲述问题的由来。

In crime novels the mysteries seen in detective stories are retained, but the investigation focuses more on characterthan on physical clues or on fooling the reader. Police officers had been detectives in fiction ever since Dickens, but with the police-procedural novel, beginning with V as in Victim by Lawrence Treat, the focus became the grim realities of police work—corruption, bribes, lying, and the necessity for informers. An emphasis on police work and on criminal psychology

(understanding the motivation for a crime) characterizedmuch British detective fiction beginning in the 1920s. This can be seen in the works of P. D) James, who introduced Inspector Adam Dalgliesh in Cover Her Face (1962); Ruth Rendell, with Inspector Reginald Wexford in From Doon with Death (1964); and Colin Dexter with Inspector Morse in Last Bus to Woodstock (1975). Other successful writers in this school, including Catherine Aird, Reginald Hill, Patricia Moyes, and June Thomson, have at the center of their works an imperfect though sensitive detective whose life and attitudes are of almost equal importance to the mystery. This style became so popular that the formula has occasionally been reversed, most notably in the darkly comic novels of Robert Barnard and in the works of Joyce Porter, whose Inspector Wilfred Dover is as unsympathetic as he is slovenly. Contemporary crime-fiction writers have been strongly influenced not only by Ross Macdonald, but by Mickey Spillane and John D) MacDonald. MacDonald’s stories about salvage expert Travis McGee shed light on the corruptions of modern life. In the 1970s many American writers of detective fiction began to focus, at least in part, on their detective’s personal life. Among the most notable creators of private investigators whose character extends beyond the case they are probing are Bill Pronzini, Robert B) Parker, Lawrence Block, and Loren D) Estleman. At the same time, some writers have avoided graphic violence and explorations of the criminal mind, and have returned to the time-honored device of hooking the reader by slowly revealing a series of clues. Works of this kind, most of which have a lighthearted flavor, have been granted cozies. Charlotte MacLeod’s two series about Peter Shandy and Sarah Kelling made her one of the most popular of the cozy writers. Other writers in this school include Carolyn Hart, Nancy Pickard, and Jane Langton. The crime novels of the 1980s saw increasing numbers of female investigators who, like their male counterparts, were quick-witted and capable of dealing with dangerous situations. Marcia Muller was described by fellow writer Sue Grafton as the “founding mother” of the form for her creation of Sharon McCone in Edwin of the Iron Shoes, (1977). Grafton’s wisecracking private detective Kinsey Millhone is featured in a series of alphabetically titled mysteries, starting with “A” Is for Alibi which was published in 1982, the same year that the self-reliant private eye Victoria Iphigenia (“V. I. “) Warshawski made her first appearance in Indemnity Only, written by Sara Paretsky. Patricia Cornwell brought autopsy analysis to the forefront of detective fiction with Postmortem (1990), centering on medical examiner Kay Scarpeta. The combination of crime fiction with other popular types, long a popular practice, gained new favor in the late 20th century. The historical detective story has several pioneers, including Christie’s Death Comes as the End (1944), set in ancient Egypt, but the true progenitors were Lillian de la Torre with Dr. Sam Johnson, Detector (1946) and John Dickson Cart with The Bride of Newgate (1950) and other novels. The Brother Cadfael stories of Ellis Peters (a pseudonym for Edith Pargeter), which take place in 12th-century Britain, are filled with warmth, humor, and young love, as well as sleuthing. The Name of the Rose (1983), also set in medieval Europe and written by Italian author Umberto Eco, emphasizes philosophical issues as much as it does mystery. Also of special interest are hovels featuring the 7th-century Chinese sleuth Judge Dee, written by Dutch

diplomat Robert van Gulik, and the Victorian novels by Peter Lovesey and Anne Perry.

33． What was the characteristic of British detective fiction beginning in the 1920s?

A．The investigation focuses more on character than on physical clues or on fooling the reader.

B．Police officers had been detectives in fiction.

C．An emphasis on police work and on criminal psychology. D．The focus became the grim realities of police work—corruption, bribes, lying, and the necessity for informers.

正确答案：C

解析：见第二段第一句。选C。

34． According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A．In the 1970s some writers have avoided showing violence and began to explore the criminal mind, and returned to the old style of hooking the reader by slowly revealing a series of clues.

B．In the 1980s’ crime novels, the increasing numbers of male investigators were smart and capable of dealing with dangerous situations.

C．MacDonald’s stories about salvage expert Travis McGee shed light on the corruptions of modem life.

D．In the 1970s many American writers of detective fiction began to focus, at least in part, on their detective’s personal life.

正确答案：B

解析：答案见三至五段，B错在把性别弄错了，是女性角色增加了。

35． The best title of the passage would be_____ A．Criminal Psychology

B．Diversification of Crime Fictions C．Crime Novels

D．Highlight of Criminal Novels

正确答案：C

解析：答案C最适合，本文讲的是犯罪小说的发展。

Thousands of teachers at the elementary, secondary, and college levels can testify that their students’ writing exhibits a tendency toward a superficiality that Wash’t seen, say 10 or 15 years ago. It shows up not only in their lack of analytical skills, but in poor command of grammar and rhetoric. I’ve been asked by a graduate student what a semicolon is. The mechanics of the English language have been

tortured to pieces by TV. Visual, moving images—which are the venue of television—can’t be held in the net of careful language. They want to break out. They really have nothing to do with language, grammar, and rhetoric, and they have become fractured. Recent surveys by dozens of organizations also suggest that up to 40% of the American public is functionally illiter- ate. That is, our citizens’ reading and writing abilities, if they have any, are impaired so seriously as to render them, in that handy jargon of our times, dysfunctional. The reading is taught - TV teaches people not to read. It renders them incapable of engaging in an activity that now is perceived as strenuous, because it is not a passive hypnotized state. Passive as it is, television has invaded our culture so completely that the medium’s effects are evident in every quarter, even the literary world. It shows up in supermarket paperbacks, from Stephen King (who has a certain clever skill) to pulp fiction. These really are forms of verbal TV-literature that is so superficial that those who read it can revel in the same sensations they experience when watching television: Even more importantly, the growing influence of television, Keman says, has changed people’s habits and values and affected their assumptions about the world. The sort of reflective, critical, and value laden thinking encouraged by books has been rendered obsolete. In this context, we would do well to recall the Cyclops—the race of giants that, according to Greek myth, predated man. Quite literally, TV affects the way people think. In Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television, Jerry Mander quotes from the Emery Report, prepared by the Center for Continuing Education at the Australian National University, Canberra, that, when we watch television, “our usual processes of thinking and discernment are semi-functional at best. “The study also argues that, “while television appears to have the potential to provide useful information to viewers-and is celebrated for its educational function—the technology of television and the inherent nature of the viewing experience actually inhibit learning as we usually think of it. “

36． The first paragraph implies_____. A．10 or 15 years ago people seldom wrote

B．the English grammar and rhetoric can be taught on TV

C．thousands of teachers are reluctant to admit their students’ inability to write D．TV ruins students’ ability to write

正确答案：D 解析：第一段中先提到现在学生出现的语言问题，段中作者认为是电视毁了英语语言。故选D。

37． The underlined words “an activity” in the context refer to_____. A．reading

B．grammar-learning C．watching TV D．writing

正确答案：A

解析：结合上下文，该词在此指的是阅读练习，故选A。

38． Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．People now seldom have critical and value laden thinking.

B．Students cannot learn English grammar and rhetoric through watching TV. C．The literature remains unaffected by TV in America.

D．Jerry Mander suggests that the government should ban television.

正确答案：C

解析：文中并没有提到C。

39． TV affects people’s_____according to the passage. A．reading and writing; culture; outlook; reasoning B．grammar and rhetoric; literature; habit; learning C．language; fiction; values; thinking

D．analytical skills; teaching; culture; assumptions

正确答案：A

解析：该题答案分散在各段，汇总起来可知选A。

40． The best title for this passage would be”_____” A．TV Is to Blame

B．The Advantages and Disadvantages of TV C．How TV Ruins Our Learning and Culture D．TV and Learning

正确答案：C

解析：作者对电视的负面作用持批评态度，故选C最为合适。

PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.

41． The Americans declared their independence in _____ on July 4th, 1776. A．Washington D.C. B．New York C．Philadelphia D．Boston

正确答案：C

42． The draft of the Declaration of Independence was written by_____. A．John Adam

B．George Washington C．Benjamin Franklin D．Thomas Jefferson

正确答案：D

43． Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the_____. A．British Supreme Court B．police of Scotland C．London police force

D．Horse Guards of London

正确答案：C

44． Since joining the European Economic Community in_____, Britain has adopted the Community system of agricultural support.

A．1973 B．1974 C．1975 D．1976

正确答案：A

45． Australia is the world’s _____ continent. A．smallest B．coldest C．warmest D．lowest

正确答案：A

46． _____is the capital of Scotland since the 15th century. A．Manchester B．Edinburgh C．Liverpool D．Cardiff

正确答案：B

47． “A crowd is not company, and faces are but a gallery of pictures, and talk but a tinkling cymbal, where there is no love. “The above is written by_____.

A．William Shakespeare B．Francis Bacon C．Thomas Jefferson

D．Ernest Hemingway

正确答案：B 48． Theodore Dreiser set forth his _____ concept of the American society in his early works.

A．romantic B．historical C．naturalistic D．realistic

正确答案：C

49． CCELD is distinctive for its_____. A．clear grammar codes B．language notes C．usage notes D．extra columns

正确答案：D

50． Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? A．Dorm B．motel C．Gent D．Zoo

正确答案：B

PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:(1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.(2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write t

If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mess 【M1】_____basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, moreover, has no such choice, for the two jobs must be carriedon at the 【M2】_____same time. Because we depend so heavily upon science and technology for our progress, we must produce specialists in many fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the 【M3】_____policies for the country, large

numbers of us must be educated to understand, to support, and when 【M4】_____necessary, to judge the work of experts. The public school must educate for both producers and users 【M5】_____of scientific services. In education there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that attribute to effective thinking and wise judgment. Such balance is defeated by too much empha- 【M6】_____sis on any one field. This question of balance involves not only the relation of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative emphases between the natural sciences themselves. 【M7】_____By contrast,

we must have a balance between the current and classical knowledge. The attention of 【M8】_____the public is continuously drawn to new possibilities in scientific fields and the discovery of new【M9】_____knowledge; these should not be allowed to turn our attention from the sound, established materials 【M10】_____that form the basis of courses for beginners.

51． 【M1】

正确答案：mess改成mass

解析：词语使用错误，形近意远。

52． 【M2】

正确答案：moreover改成however

解析：逻辑上应为转折意味，而非递进。

53． 【M3】

正确答案：specialist改成specialists

解析：此可数名词前面无冠词时，故用复数。

54． 【M4】

正确答案：country改成nation 解析：前后一致，都用nation。

55． 【M5】

正确答案：for改成for

解析：educate是及物动词。

56． 【M6】

正确答案：attribute改成contribute

解析：contribute to表示“对……做出贡献”，attribute to表示“归因于”。

57． 【M7】

正确答案：between改成among

解析：between指二者之间。among则用于三者及三者以上。

58． 【M8】

正确答案：Bycontrast改成Similarly

解析：逻辑不对，此处表示“与此类似的”，而非“对比”。

59． 【M9】

正确答案：continuously改成continually 解析：二者都可表示“不断的”，continual还有一层意思就是“反复的、经常的”，文中意思是科学领域不断出现新的可能性吸引了公众注意，故用后者更合适。

60． 【M10】

正确答案：attention ∧ from改成away

PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.

61． 社区教育是外来名词，由联合国教科文组织对社区教育的界定引入到对我国社区教育的定义。随着我国经济的发展，城市化进程的加快，大批城乡居民搬迁新居，从而产生了一个个居民小区，社区由此形成。而社区教育适应了社区居民精神生活和终身学习的需要，满足了居民的受教育的权利和自身和谐发展的需要，促进了社会的稳定和生产力的发展，我国社区教育的发展，需要全社会转变教育观念，树立终身教育、大教育观和社区教育观念，将社区教育放在一定社会经济、社会发展的大背景下去考虑。

正确答案： Community Education is a foreign term, which is introduced to define our country’s community education according to the definition of UNESCO. With the development of economy, acceleration of urbanization, lots of people move to new houses, for which residences come into being as well as communities. Community education adapts to the requirements of the residents’ spiritual life and life-long learning. Meanwhile, it meets the needs of the residents’ education right and their own harmonious development, and thus promotes social stability and the development and productivity. The development of our country’s com munity education demands people to alter their educational values, form the concepts of

life-long education, macro-education and community education, and consider the community education agalnst certain economic and social development.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.

62． Chinese leaders believe it is necessary to hold the nation together, to keep it growing, to keep moving toward its destiny. China’s economic growth has made it more and more dependent on the outside world for investment, markets, and energy. Computers and the Internet, fax machines and photocopiers, modems and satellites all increase the exposure to people, ideas, and the world beyond China’s borders. The effect is only just beginning to be felt. Indeed, greater openness is profoundly in China’s own interest., If welcomed, it will speed economic growth, enhance the world influence of China and stabilize society. Without the full freedom to think, question, create, China will be at a distinct disadvantage, competing with fully open societies in the Information Age where the greatest source of national wealth is what resides in the human mind.

正确答案： 中国领导人认为有必要使国家聚合在一起，不断成长，不断朝它的目标迈进。中国的经济增长使这个国家在投资、市场和能源方面越来越依赖外部世界。电脑、因特网、传真机、复印机、调制解调器、卫星等等，这一切都增加了中国人对边境线以外的人、思想和世界的了解。这种影响的感受才刚刚开始。的确，扩大开放对中国是极为有利的。这样做将会加速经济增长，提高中国的世界影响力，稳定社会。如果没有思想自由、提问自由和创造自由，中国在这个信息时代同完全开放的国家进行竞争时将明显处于一种不利的地位，因为在这个信息时代，国家财富的最大源泉是在人脑里。

PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.

63． There is no denying that waste is a common phenomenon on campus nowadays. As a developing country and a nation with so long a history, our young people should realize the serious realities of our natural materials and economical resources. You are to write a 400-word composition to discuss this issue. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclu sion with a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instruc tions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.

正确答案：Waste Problem Management The accumulation of solid wastes is a Serious problem that threatens the environment of the entire planet and will continues its exponential growth due to the increasing population and industrial development.

The component of municipal solid waste of major concern to the environment is the putrescible fraction that accounts for 50-80% of its total dry weight. The economic and environmental problems associated with the disposal of municipal solid wastes world-wide represent a real threat to civilization. For hundred of years the management of solid wastes generated in urban centers has challenged humanity to find an effective solution for its disposal. Some of the practices used to manage the problem in the past include burning, ocean dumping and open dumps. The first landfill was built by the Greeks 2,500 years ago. Despite the advances of science and the many years of experience handling MSW, the majority of disposal methods of MSW are very similar to the ancient practices. The most common disposal method of solid wastes is by far landfilling. Incineration accounts for the bulk of the remainder and composting an insignificant amount. These methods are understood to lead to cross-media pollution between the land, the air and the water. Usually, the selection of a disposal method is based almost entirely on costs without a globalistic approach that benefit both the municipalities and the environment. It is this selection approach without regards to the environmental cost that have made current disposal methods unsustainable and environmentally unacceptable. In face of the approaching threat of waste, the common people should join in the efforts of waste management. We may start form reuse the waste items — by repairing them, donating them to charity and community groups, or selling them. Reusing products, when possible, is even better than recycling because the item does not need to be reprocessed before it can be used again. And we may also participate in the movement by choose to use recycled products. There’s more to recycling than setting out your recyclables at the curb. In order to make recycling economically feasible, we must buy recycled products and packaging. When we buy recycled products, we create an economic incentive for recyclable materials to be collected, manufactured, and marketed as new products. Buying recycled has both economic and environmental benefits. Purchasing products made from or packaged in recycled materials saves resources for future generations. There are many things that we can do for the environmental health of our planet. But the key is that every day in our lives we should pay attention to our deeds so as to save the future of our world.